NOTES
220
52. National Assembly’s verdict on finality of prophethood of Hazrat Muham-
mad, The National Assembly of Pakistan, Debates, 7 September 1974,
(Islamabad: 1974).
53. Yohanan Friedmann, Prophecy continuous, pp. 42–43.
54. It is estimated that that more than 4,000 people have died in sectarian
violence in Pakistan since 1980. See Zaffar Abbas, ‘Pakistan’s schism spill
into the present’, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3724082.
stm These figures have since rise sharply in 2008 with the escalation of
sectarian violence, especially in the tribal agency of Kurram, which has
killed more than 400 people.
55. See S.V.R. Nasr, ‘The rise of Sunni militancy in Pakistan’, pp. 145–54.
56. Afak Haydar, ‘The politicization of the Shias and the development of the
Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqhe-Jafaria in Pakistan’ in Charles H. Kennedy (ed.),
Pakistan, 1992 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 75–93.
57. See S.V.R. Nasr, ‘International politics, domestic Imperatives and identity
Mobilization’, Comparative Politics, Vol. 32, no. 2, January 2000,
p. 176.
58. On the intricacies of Sunni politics in Pakistan see S.V.R. Nasr, ‘The rise
of Sunni militancy in Pakistan’, pp. 143–85 and Muhammad Qasim
Zaman, ‘Sectarianism in Pakistan: the radicalization of Shia-Sunni identi-
ties’, Modern Asian Studies , Vol. 32, no. 3, 1998, pp. 687–716.
59. Mariam Abou Zahab, ‘The regional dimension of sectarian conflicts in
Pakistan’ in Jaffrelot, (ed.), Pakistan, pp. 115–128.
60. Ibid.
61. Zaman,‘Sectarianism in Pakistan’, p. 691.
62. Ian Talbot, Pakistan: a modern history, pp. 117–118 and Ahmad Hassan
Dani, A short history of the Northern Areas of Pakistan (Lahore 2001).
See also International Crisis Group, Discord in Pakistan’s Northern Areas,
Asia Report 131, 2 April 2007, http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/docu-
ments/asia/south_asia/131_discord_in_pakistan_s_northern_areas.pdf
63. See, Cohen, The idea of Pakistan, p. 163.
64. See, Pandey, Remembering Partition, p. 152.
65. See, Jinnah’s presidential address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan,
August 11, 1947 in Speeches and writings of Mr Jinnah, II (Lahore:
Shaikh Muhammad Ashraf, 1964) p. 402.
66. See R.J. Moore, ‘Jinnah and the Pakistan demand’, Modern Asian Studies,
Vol. 17, no. 4, 1983, pp. 529–61.
67. Gyanendra Pandey, ‘Can a Muslim be an Indian?’ Comparative Studies in
Society and History, Vol. 41, no. 4 (October 1999), pp. 608–629.
68. See Shaun Gregory, ‘The Christian minority in Pakistan: issues and
options’, University of Bradford, Pakistan Security Research Unit, Briefing
no. 37, 17 July 2008, p. 5, http://spaces.brad.ac.uk:8080/download/
attachments/748/Brief+37.pdf
69. Kingsley Davis, ‘India and Pakistan: the demography of Partition’, Pacific
Affairs, Vol. 22, no. 3, September 1949, pp. 243–52.
pp. [63–71]