The$CPS$Framework$for$Teaching$$
!
Adapted$from$the$Danielson!Framework!for!Teaching$!
3c:$Engaging$
Students$in$Learning$
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Tasks!do!not!align!with!standardsKbased!
learning!objectives .!Ta sk s!a nd / or !tex t!
require!only!rote!response s,!do !no t!resu lt!
in!active!engagem en t,!an d !d o!n o t!
challenge!student!thinking.!Teacher!does!
not!scaffold!or!differentiate!instruction!so!
that!all!students!access!com ple x,!grad eK
level,!and/or!develo p m en ta lly!a p pro p ria te!
text!or!tasks.!The!teacher’s!pacing!o f!the !
lesson!is!too!slow !o r!ru sh ed ,!an d !tas ks !ar e!
not!sequenced!to!build!students’!depth!of!
understanding.!The!teacher’s!grouping!of!
students!is!unintentional!and!inhibits!
student!mastery!of!the!content/skills.!!
Tasks!partially!align!with!standardsKbased!
learning!objectives .!Ta sk s!a nd / or !tex t!
minimally!challenge!student!thinking,!and!
result!in!active!engageme nt!o f!on ly!some!
students!while!allowing!others!to!be!
passive!or!merely!compliant.!Teacher!
occasionally!scaffolds!and/or!
differentiates!instruction!so!that!only!
some!students!access!complex,!gradeK
level,!and/or!develo p m en ta lly!a p pro p ria te!
text!and/or!tasks.!The!teach er’s!pa cing !of!
the!lesson!is!partially!appropria te,!an d/o r!
tasks!are!partially!sequenced !to!b uild!
students’!depth!of!understanding.!The!
teacher’s!grouping!of!stud en ts!is!
intentional!but!do es !no t!le ad !to !s tud e nt !
mastery!of!the!content/skills.
Tasks!align!with!standardsKbased!
learning!objectives .!Ta sk s!a nd !te xt !
are!complex!and!challenge!student!
thinking,!resulting!in!active!
engagement!of!most!students.!
Teacher!scaffolds!and!differentiates!
instruction!so!tha t!m o st !stu d en ts !
access!complex,!gradeKlevel!and/or!
developmentally!appropriate!text!
and!tasks.!!The!teacher’s!pacing!of!
the!lesson!is!appropriate,!an d!ta sks!
are!sequenced!to!build!students’!
depth!of!understanding.!The!
teacher’s!grouping!of!stud en ts!is!
intentional!and!lea ds !to !stu d en t!
mastery!of!the!content/skills.!
Tasks!align!with!standardsKbased!learning!
objectives!and!are!tailored!so!virtually!all!
students!are!intellectually!engaged!in!
challenging!content.!Tasks!and!text!are!
complex!and!promote!student!engagemen t!
through!inquiry!and!ch oice .!Stud en ts!
contribute!to!the!exploration!of!content.!
Teacher!scaffolds!and!differentiates!instruction!
so!that!all!students!access!complex,!gradeK
level,!and/or!develo p m en ta lly!a p pro p ria te!t ex t!
and/or!tasks.!The!teacher’s!pacing!of!the!lesson!
is!appropriate,!and !tas ks !are !se q ue nc ed !n o t!
only!to!build!students’!depth!of!understanding,!
but!also!to!require!student!reflection!and!
synthesis!of!the!learning.!Teacher’s!grouping!o f!
students!is!intentional!and!students!serve!as!
resources!for!each!other!to !ach ieve !m aste ry!of!
the!content/skills.
3d:$Using$
Assessment$in$
Instruction $
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Teacher!does!not!use!formative!
assessment,!neither!to!check!for!
completion!of!work!nor!to!monitor!
progress!and!check!for!student!
understanding.!!Students!cannot!explain!
the!criteria!by!which!their!work!w ill!be!
assessed!and!do!not!engage!in!selfK!or!
peerKassessment.!Teacher’s!feedback!is!
absent!or!of!poor!quality.
Teacher!sometimes!uses!formative!
assessment!to!monitor!progress!toward!
student!understanding!of!the!learning!
objectives!and/or!teacher!checks!for!
completion!of!work!rather!than!student!
understanding!of!the!learning!objectives.!
Students!can!explain!some!of!the!criteria!
by!which!their!work!will!be!assessed;!few!
engage!in!selfK!or!peerKassessment.!
Teacher’s!feedback!is!general!and/or!
doesn’t!advance!specific!learning.!
Teacher!uses!formative!assessment!
during!instruction!to!monitor!
progress!and!to!check!for!student!
understanding!of!the!learning!
objectives.!!Students!can!explain!the!
criteria!by!which!their!work!will!be!
assessed;!some!of!them!engage!in!
selfK!or!peerKassessment.!Teacher!
provides!accurate!and!specific!
feedback!to!individuals!an d!g rou ps !
of!students!to!advance!learning.
Teacher!fully!integrates!formative!asses sm en t!
into!instruction,!and!uses!it!to!mon itor!
progress,!and!to!check!for!understanding!for!
individual!studen ts.!S tu d en ts !ca n!e xp lain ,!an d !
there!is!some!evidence!th at!the y!ha ve!
contributed!to,!the!criteria!by!which!their!work!
will!be!assessed.!Students!selfK!and!peerKassess!
to!monitor!their!progress.!Teacher!and!
students!provide!individualized!feedback!that!is!
accurate,!specific,!and!advances!learning.
3e:$Demonstrating$
Flexibility$and$
Responsiveness$
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The!teacher!ignores!students’!questions,!
needs,!learning!styles!and!interest s;!when!
students!have!difficulty!learning,!the!
teacher!blames!them !or!the ir!ho m e!or!the!
external!environment!for!their!lack!of!
success.!The!teacher!makes!no!attempt!to!
adjust!instruction!during!the!lesson!to!
meet!student!needs,!even!when!st u d e n ts !
don’t!understand!the!content!or!have!not!
mastered!the!skill.
The!teacher!attempts!to!accommodate!
students’!questions,!needs,!learning!styles!
and!interests!during!instruction!and!
accepts!responsibility!for!the!success!of!all!
students.!When!formative!assessments!
show!a!need!for!intervention!or!
enrichment,!teacher!attempts!to!adjust!
instruction!during!the!lesson,!but!
impromptu!ad ju stments!are!ineffective.
Teacher!accommodates!students’!
questions,!needs,!learning!styles!and!
interests!during!ins tru ct ion .!T h e!
teacher!accepts!respon sibility!for!
student!learning!and!persists!in!
seeking!approaches!for!all!students.!
When!formative!assessments!show!a!
need!for!intervention!or!enrichm e nt,!
teacher!makes!effective!imp ro m ptu !
adjustments!to!instruction.
Teacher!seizes!opportunities!to!enhance!
learning,!building!on !a !sp on ta n eo us ! world!or!
local!event!and/or!student!interests.!Teacher!
persists!in!adjusting!instruction!so!individual!
student!misunderstandings!or!advanced!needs!
are!successfully!accommodated.!When!
formative!assessmen ts!sh ow !a!n ee d!fo r!
intervention!or!en rich m e n t,!tea ch er !m a ke s!
effective!impromptu!adjustments!that!
individualize!instruc tio n!f or !stu d en ts .