"Appendix B by John Z. Doe describes the computer program When surveying the literature for source material, check its
used in the analysis." An author and affiliation line, as availability. Do not use material that is not readily obtainable.
applicable, also appear under the appendix title. Personal communications and papers "to be published" may
not be included in the reference list of NASA reports but may
be acknowledged with a parenthetical note in the text. In the
References note give the author's name, the date, the company name and
location, and the status of the information (e.g., J.C. Jones,
References are citations of work related to points brought 1985, Acme Co., Philadelphia, PA, personal communication;
out in the report and are given as sources of additional
P.D. Smith, 1986, J. Phys. Chem., to be published). Not-yet-
information for the reader. The question of whether a reference
is needed can only be answered with experience. A reference published Lewis reports may be cited in the reference lists of
published NASA reports if they have received the division
may be appropriate chief's approval for final processing as NASA publications and
(1) To show work pertinent to the subject have been assigned a report number by NASA Headquarters.
(2) To acknowledge the work of others in the same field, (In the rough-draft stage the Lewis identification number (E-
particularly quotations number) of the referenced Lewis report is sufficient.)
(3) To save repetition of lengthy descriptions of apparatus or Limited-distribution documents, unclassified reports whose
procedures, development of theories, or other information availability is restricted by Government regulations concerning
(4) To support your assumptions, reasoning, viewpoints, or the export of technology, should not be referenced unless
explanations absolutely necessary. To use such material, you may need
(5) To compare previous results with those of your report written permission from the office controlling the report. (See
Reports, books, papers, and other publications referred to refs. 11 and 12 for more information.)
in NASA reports are listed in the References section at the Copyrighted material may be referenced without permission
end of the text, after any appendixes but before tables or figures from the copyright holder, but you must obtain permission for
appearing at the back of the report, direct quotation or reproduction of any part of such material.
To avoid delaying the report, ask the Lewis library to contact
Format the copyright holder as soon as you decide to use the material.
References are generally put into established NASA style Documents of higher classification than the report may be
cited in the reference list both as an acknowledgment of the
and listed by number in the order of mention in the text, tables,
contributions of others and as a courtesy to those with access
and figures consecutively. But the style and format of the
to these documents. But neither the document title nor material
reference list may follow accepted practice in the discipline or data from the referenced document may be quoted or
of the report, discussed if they are classified higher than your report.
If you prefer, you may use the name (-date)style of citation Correct citation of a reference is an important responsibility
(e.g., Anders (1971, 1972); Smith (1974)). This style allows of the author. Doublecheck the final draft of your report to
you to revise your manuscript without searching for and changing make certain no errors have crept into the reference list.
all reference numbers. This type of reference list is alphabet-
ized by the last name of the first author. Multiple publications
by the same author (or authors) are listed in chronological Report Documentation Page
order from oldest to most recent. Documents by the same
author in the same year are cited by author, year, and letter The last left-hand page facing the back cover of all NASA
(e.g., Robinson (1970a,b)). Documents having no personal publications except those in the Special Publications series is
author may be cited in the text by using an abbreviated title, the report documentation page. This standard form includes
If a bibliography is presented in addition to or in place the title and authors, the Abstract, the key words, and
of the References section, the publications in it are neither information on the report's distribution as well as the funding
numbered nor cited in the text and are either listed alphabet- number. When you bring your report to the Report Control
ically according to author, listed chronologically, or grouped office, you will be asked to provide the information necessary
according to subject, to complete this form (see ref. 11). Key words are terms or
short phrases that identify the principal subjects covered in
Suitability the report. The NASA Thesaurus (ref. 8) contains the subject
Only material that you have seen should be referenced. If terms by which documents in the NASA Scientific and
you cannot obtain the original material, you must list the Technical Information System are indexed and retrieved.
secondary source, but you may mention the original source Therefore all key words should be chosen from the thesaurus,
in parentheses, which is also the primary guide for spelling.
19