l_40320061230en00180060.pdf

DIRECTIVE 2006/126/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 20 December 2006

on driving licences (Recast)

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EURO-

PEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Com-

munity, and in particular Article 71 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and

Social Committee (

After consulting the Committee of the Regions,

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article

251 of the Treaty (

Whereas:

(1) Council Directive 91/439/EEC of 29 July 1991 on

driving licences (

) has been significantly amended on

several occasions. Now that new amendments are being

made to the said Directive, it is desirable, in order to

clarify matters, that the provisions in question should be

recast.

(2) The rules on driving licences are essential elements of the

common transport policy, contribute to improving road

safety, and facilitate the free movement of persons taking

up residence in a Member State other than the one

issuing the licence. Given the importance of individual

means of transport, possession of a driving licence duly

recognised by a host Member State promotes free move-

ment and freedom of establishment of persons. Despite

the progress achieved with harmonising the rules on

driving licences, significant differences have persisted

between Member States in the r ules on periodicity of

licences renewal and on subcategories of vehicles, which

needed to be harmonised more fully, in order to contri-

bute to the implementation of Community policies.

(3) The possibility of laying down national provisions with

regard to the period of validity provided for in Directive

91/439/EEC leads to the co-existence of different rules in

different Member States and over 110 different models of

driving licences valid in the Member States. This creates

problems of transparency for citizens, police forces and

the administrations responsible for the administration of

driving licences and leads to the falsification of docu-

ments which sometimes date back several decades.

(4) In order to prevent the single European driving licence

model from becoming an additional model to the 110

already in circulation, Member States should take all

necessary measures to issue this single model to all

licence holders.

(5) This Directive should not prejudice existing entitlements

to drive granted or acquired before its date of application.

(6) Driving licences are mutually recognised. Member States

should be able to apply the period of validity prescribed

by this Directive to a licence without a limited adminis-

trative validity issued by another Member State and

whose holder has resided on their territory for more than

two years.

(7) The introduction of a period of administrative validity for

new driving licences should make it possible to apply at

the time of periodic renewal the most recent counter-

falsification measures and the medical examinations or

other measures provided for by the Member States.

30.12.2006L 403/18 Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ C 112, 30.4.2004, p. 34.

(

) Opinion of the European Parliament of 23 February 2005 (OJ C 304 E,

1.12.2005, p. 202), Council Common Position of 18 September 2006

(OJ C 295 E, 5.12.2006, p. 1) and Position of the European Parliament

of 14 December 2006 (not yet published in the Official Journal).

Council Decision of 19 December 2006.

(

) OJ L 237, 24.8.1991, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC)

No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council

(OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).

(8) On road safety grounds, the minimum requirements for

the issue of a driving licence should be laid down. Stan-

dards for driving tests and licensing need to be harmo-

nised. To this end the knowledge, skills and behaviour

connected with driving motor vehicles should be defined,

the driving test should be based on these concepts and

the minimum standards of physical and mental fitness

for driving such vehicles should be redefined.

(9) Proof of fulfilment of compliance with minimum stan-

dards of physical and mental fitness for driving by drivers

of vehicles used for the transport of persons or goods

should be provided when the driving licence is issued

and periodically thereafter. Such regular control in

accordance with national rules of compliance with

minimum standards will contribute to the free movement

of persons, avoid distortions of competition and better

take into account the specific responsibility of drivers of

such vehicles. Member States should be allowed to

impose medical examinations as a guarantee of compli-

ance with the minimum standards of physical and mental

fitness for driving other motor vehicles. For reasons of

transparency, such examinations should coincide with a

renewal of driving licences and therefore be determined

by the period of validity of the licence.

(10) It is necessary to strengthen further the principle of

progressive access to the categories of two-wheeled vehi-

cles and to the categories of vehicles used for the trans-

port of passengers and goods.

(11) Nevertheless, Member States should be allowed to set a

higher age limit for the driving of certain categories of

vehicles in order to fur ther promote road safety; Member

States should in exceptional circumstances be allowed to

set lower age limits in order to take account of national

circumstances.

(12) The definitions of the categories should reflect to a

greater extent the technical characteristics of the vehicles

concerned and the skills needed to drive a vehicle.

(13) Introducing a category of driving licences for mopeds

will, in particular, increase road safety as regards the

youngest drivers who, according to the statistics, are the

hardest hit by road accidents.

(14) Specific provisions should be adopted to make it easier

for physically disabled persons to drive vehicles.

(15) For reasons connected with road safety, Member States

should be able to apply their national provisions on the

withdrawal, suspension, renewal and cancellation of

driving licences to all licence holders having acquired

normal residence in their territory.

(16) The model driving licence as set out in Directive

91/439/EEC should be replaced by a single model in the

form of a plastic card. At the same time, this model

driving licence needs to be adapted on account of the

introduction of a new category of driving licences for

mopeds and of a new category of driving licences for

motorcycles.

(17) The introduction of an optional microchip in the new

plastic card model driving licence should enable the

Member States to further improve the level of anti-fraud

protection. Member States should have flexibility to

include national data on the chip provided that it does

not interfere with commonly accessible data. The tech-

nical requirements for the microchip should be deter-

mined by the Commission, assisted by the committee on

driving licences.

(18) Minimum standards concerning access to the profession

of examiner and examiner training requirements should

be established in order to improve the knowledge and

skills of examiners thereby ensuring a more objective

evaluation of driving licence applicants and achieving

greater harmonisation of driving tests.

(19) The Commission should be allowed to undertake the

adaptation of Annexes I to VI to scientific and technical

progress.

(20) The measures necessary for the implementation of this

Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council

Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the

procedures for the exercise of implementing powers

conferred on the Commission (

(21) In particular, the Commission should be empowered to

establish the criteria necessary for the application of this

Directive. Since those measures are of general scope and

are designed to amend non-essential elements of this

Directive, they should be adopted in accordance with the

regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in

Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC.

30.12.2006 L 403/19Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. Decision as amended by Decision

2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, p. 11).

(22) Since the objectives of this Directive cannot be suffi-

ciently achieved by the Member States and can therefore,

by reason of their scale and their effects, be better

achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt

measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity

as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with

the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article,

this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in

order to achieve those objectives.

(23) This Directive should not prejudice the obligations of the

Member States relating to the deadlines for transposition

into national law and application of the Directives listed

in Annex VII, Part B,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Article 1

Model licence

1. Member States shall introduce a national driving licence

based on the Community model set out in Annex I, in accord-

ance with the provisions of this Directive. The emblem on page

1 of the Community model driving licences shall contain the

distinguishing sign of the Member State issuing the licence.

2. Without prejudice to data protection rules, Member States

may introduce a storage medium (microchip) as part of the

driving licence, as soon as the requirements concerning the

microchip referred to in Annex I, which are designed to amend

non-essential elements of this Directive, by supplementing it,

are laid down by the Commission in accordance with the proce-

dure referred to in Article 9(2). These requirements shall provide

for EC type-approval, which shall only be granted when the

ability to resist attempts to tamper with or alter data is demon-

strated.

3. The microchip shall incorporate the har monised driving

licence data specified in Annex I.

After consulting the Commission, Member States may store

additional data, provided that it does not in any way interfere

with the implementation of this Directive.

In accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 9(2), the

Commission may amend Annex I in order to guarantee future

interoperability.

4. With the agreement of the Commission, Member States

may make to the model set out in Annex I such adjustments as

are necessary for computer processing of the driving licence.

Article 2

Mutual recognition

1. Driving licences issued by Member States shall be mutually

recognised.

2. When the holder of a valid national driving licence

without the administrative validity period set out in Article 7(2)

takes up normal residence in a Member State other than that

which issued the driving licence, the host Member State may

apply to the licence the administrative validity periods set out in

that Article by renewing the driving licence, as from 2 years

after the date on which the holder has taken up normal resi-

dence on its territory.

Article 3

Anti-forgery measures

1. Member States shall take all necessary steps to avoid any

risk of forgery of driving licences, including that of model

driving licences issued before the entry into force of this Direc-

tive. They shall inform the Commission thereof.

2. The material used for the driving licence, as set out in

Annex I, shall be made secure against forgery in application of

specifications designed to amend non-essential elements of this

Directive, by supplementing it, which are to be laid down by the

Commission in accordance with the procedure referred to in

Article 9(2). Member States are free to introduce additional

security features.

3. Member States shall ensure that, by 19 January 2033, all

driving licences issued or in circulation fulfil all the require-

ments of this Directive.

Article 4

Categories, definitions and minimum ages

1. The driving licence provided for in Article 1 shall

authorise the driving of power-driven vehicles in the categories

defined hereafter. It may be issued from the minimum age indi-

cated for each category. A ‘power-driven vehicle’ means any self-

propelled vehicle running on a road under its own power, other

than a rail-borne vehicle.

30.12.2006L 403/20 Official Journal of the European Union

2. mopeds:

Category AM:

— Two-wheel vehicles or three-wheel vehicles with a maximum

design speed of not more than 45 km/h, as defined in

Article 1(2)(a) of Directive 2002/24/EC of the European

Parliament and of the Council of 18 March 2002 relating to

the type-approval of two or three-wheel motor vehicles (

)

(excluding those with a maximum design speed under or

equal to 25 km/h), and light quadricycles as defined in

Article 1(3)(a) of Directive 2002/24/EC,

— the minimum age for category AM is fixed at 16 years;

3. motorcycles with or without a sidecar and motor tricycles:

— ‘motorcycle’ means two-wheel vehicles with or without a

sidecar, as defined in Article 1(2)(b) of Directive

2002/24/EC,

— ‘motor tricycle’ means vehicles with three symmetrically

arranged wheels, as defined in Article 1(2)(c) of Directive

2002/24/EC;

(a) Category A1:

— motorcycles with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 125

cubic centimetres, of a power not exceeding 11 kW and

with a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0,1 kW/kg,

— motor tricycles with a power not exceeding 15 kW,

— the minimum age for category A1 is fixed at 16 years;

(b) Category A2:

— motorcycles of a power not exceeding 35 kW and with

a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0,2 kW/kg and not

derived from a vehicle of more than double its power,

— the minimum age for category A2 is fixed at 18 years;

(i) motorcycles

— The minimum age for category A is fixed at

20 years. However, access to the driving of motor-

cycles of this category shall be subject to a

minimum of two years' experience on motorcycles

under an A2 licence. This requirement as to previous

experience may be waived if the candidate is at least

24 years old.

(ii) motor tricycles with a power exceeding 15 kW

— The minimum age for motor tricycles exceeding 15

kW is fixed at 21 years.

4. motor vehicles:

— ‘motor vehicle’ means any power-driven vehicle, which is

normally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for

drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of

persons or goods. This term shall include trolleybuses, i.e.

vehicles connected to an electric conductor and not rail-

borne. It shall not include agr icultural or forestry tractors,

— ‘Agricultural or forestry tractor’ means any power-driven

vehicle running on wheels or tracks, having at least two

axles, the principal function of which lies in its tractive

power, which is specially designed to pull, push, carry or

operate certain tools, machines or trailers used in connec-

tion with agricultural or forestry operations, and the use of

which for carrying persons or goods by road or drawing, on

the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods

is only a secondary function;

(a) Category B1:

— quadricycles, as defined in Article 1(3)(b) of Directive

2002/24/EC,

— the minimum age for category B1 is fixed at 16 years,

— category B1 is optional; in Member States which do not

introduce this category of driving licence, a driving

licence for category B shall be required to drive such

vehicles;

(b) Category B:

motor vehicles with a maximum authorised mass not

exceeding 3 500 kg and designed and constr ucted for the

carriage of no more than eight passengers in addition to the

driver; motor vehicles in this category may be combined

with a trailer having a maximum authorised mass which

does not exceed 750 kg.

Without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval rules

for the vehicles concerned, motor vehicles in this category

may be combined with a trailer with a maximum authorised

mass exceeding 750 kg, provided that the maximum

authorised mass of this combination does not exceed

4 250 kg. In case such a combination exceeds 3 500 kg,

Member States shall, in accordance with the provisions of

Annex V, require that this combination shall only be driven

after:

— a training has been completed, or

— a test of skills and behaviour has been passed.

30.12.2006 L 403/21Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ L 124, 9.5.2002, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Commission

Directive 2005/30/EC (OJ L 106, 27.4.2005, p. 17).

Member States may also require both such a training and

the passing of a test of skills and behaviour.

Member States shall indicate the entitlement to drive such a

combination on the driving licence by means of the relevant

Community code.

The minimum age for category B is fixed at 18 years;

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combination of vehicles

consisting of a tractor vehicle in category B and a trailer

or semi-trailer where the maximum authorised mass of

the trailer or semi-trailer does not exceed 3 500 kg,

— the minimum age for category BE is fixed at 18 years;

(d) Category C1:

motor vehicles other than those in categories D1 or D, the

maximum authorised mass of which exceeds 3 500 kg, but

does not exceed 7 500 kg, and which are designed and

constructed for the carriage of no more than eight passen-

gers in addition to the driver; motor vehicles in this cate-

gory may be combined with a trailer having a maximum

authorised mass not exceeding 750 kg;

(e) Category C1E:

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combinations of vehi-

cles where the tractor vehicle is in category C1 and its

trailer or semi-trailer has a maximum authorised mass

of over 750 kg provided that the authorised mass of the

combination does not exceed 12 000 kg,

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combinations of vehi-

cles where the tractor vehicle is in category B and its

trailer or semi-trailer has an authorised mass of over

3 500 kg, provided that the authorised mass of the

combination does not exceed 12 000 kg,

— the minimum age for categories C1 and C1E is fixed at

the age of 18 years, without prejudice to the provisions

for the driving of such vehicles in Directive 2003/59/EC

of the European Parliament and of the Council of

15 July 2003 on the initial qualification and periodic

training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the

carriage of goods or passengers (

);

(f) Category C:

motor vehicles other than those in categories D1 or D,

whose maximum authorised mass is over 3 500 kg and

which are designed and constructed for the carriage of no

more than eight passengers in addition to the driver; motor

vehicles in this category may be combined with a trailer

having a maximum authorised mass which does not exceed

750 kg;

(g) Category CE:

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combinations of vehi-

cles where the tractor vehicle is in category C and its

trailer or semi-trailer has a maximum authorised mass

of over 750 kg,

— the minimum age for categories C and CE is fixed at 21

years, without prejudice to the provisions for the driving

of such vehicles in Directive 2003/59/EC;

(h) Category D1:

motor vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of

no more than 16 passengers in addition to the driver and

with a maximum length not exceeding 8 m; motor vehicles

in this category may be combined with a trailer having a

maximum authorised mass not exceeding 750 kg;

(i) Category D1E:

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combinations of vehi-

cles where the tractor vehicle is in category D1 and its

trailer has a maximum authorised mass of over 750 kg,

— the minimum age for categories D1 and D1E is fixed at

21 years, without prejudice to the provisions for the

driving of such vehicles in Directive 2003/59/EC;

(j) Category D:

motor vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of

more than eight passengers in addition to the driver; motor

vehicles which may be driven with a category D licence may

be combined with a trailer having a maximum authorised

mass which does not exceed 750 kg;

(k) Category DE:

— without prejudice to the provisions of type-approval

rules for the vehicles concerned, combinations of vehi-

cles where the tractor vehicle is in category D and its

trailer has a maximum authorised mass of over 750 kg,

30.12.2006L 403/22 Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ L 226, 10.9.2003, p. 4. Directive as amended by Council Directive

2004/66/EC (OJ L 168, 1.5.2004, p. 35).

— the minimum age for categories D and DE is fixed at 24

years, without prejudice to the provisions for the driving

of such vehicles in Directive 2003/59/EC;

5. With the agreement of the Commission, Member States

may exclude from the application of this Article certain specific

types of power-driven vehicle such as special vehicles for

disabled persons.

Member States may exclude from the application of this Direc-

tive vehicles used by, or under the control of, the armed forces

and civil defence.

6. Member States may raise or lower the minimum age for

issuing a driving licence:

(a) for category AM down to 14 years or up to 18 years;

(b) for category B1 up to 18 years;

— if there is a two years difference between the minimum

age for category A1 and the minimum age for category

A2, and

— there is a requirement of a minimum of two years

experience on motorcycles of category A2 before access

to the driving of motorcycles for category A can be

granted, as referred to in Article 4(3)(c)(i);

(d) for categories B and BE down to 17 years.

Member States may lower the minimum age for category C to

18 years and for category D to 21 years with regard to:

(a) vehicles used by the fire service and vehicles used for main-

taining public order;

(b) vehicles undergoing road tests for repair or maintenance

purposes.

Driving licences issued to persons at a lower age than set out in

paragraphs 2 to 4 in accordance with this paragraph shall only

be valid on the territory of the issuing Member State until the

licence holder has reached the minimum age limit set out in

paragraphs 2 to 4.

Member States may recognise the validity on their territory of

driving licences issued to drivers under the minimum ages set

out in paragraphs 2 to 4.

Article 5

Conditions and restrictions

1. Driving licences shall state the conditions under which the

driver is authorised to drive.

2. If, because of a physical disability, driving is authorised

only for certain types of vehicle or for adapted vehicles, the test

of skills and behaviour provided for in Article 7 shall be taken

in such a vehicle.

Article 6

Staging and equivalences between categories

1. The issue of driving licences shall be subject to the

following conditions:

(a) licences for categories C1, C, D1 and D shall be issued only

to drivers already entitled to drive vehicles in category B;

(b) licences for categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE shall be

issued only to drivers already entitled to drive vehicles in

categories B, C1, C, D1 and D respectively.

2. The validity of driving licences shall be determined as

follows:

(a) licences granted for categories C1E, CE, D1E or DE shall be

valid for combinations of vehicles in category BE;

(b) licences granted for category CE shall be valid for category

DE as long as their holders are entitled to drive vehicles in

category D;

combinations of vehicles in categories C1E and D1E respec-

tively;

(d) licences granted for any category shall be valid for vehicles

in category AM. However, for dr iving licences issued on its

territory, a Member State may limit the equivalences for

category AM to categories A1, A2 and A, if that Member

State imposes a practical test as a condition for obtaining

category AM;

(e) licences issued for category A2 shall also be valid for cate-

gory A1;

(f) licences granted for categories A, B, C or D shall be valid for

categories A1, A2, B1, C1, or D1 respectively.

30.12.2006 L 403/23Official Journal of the European Union

3. For driving on their territory, Member States may grant

the following equivalences:

(a) motor tricycles under a licence for category B, for motor

tricycles with a power exceeding 15 kW provided that the

holder of the licence for category B is at least 21 years old;

(b) category A1 motorcycles under a licence for category B.

As this paragraph is only valid on their territories, Member

States shall not indicate on the driving licence that a holder is

entitled to drive these vehicles.

4. Member States may, after consulting the Commission,

authorise the driving on their territory of:

(a) vehicles of category D1 (with a maximum authorised mass

of 3 500 kg, excluding any specialised equipment intended

for the carriage of disabled passengers) by holders over 21

years old of a driving licence for category B which was

obtained at least two years earlier provided that the vehicles

are being used by non-commercial bodies for social

purposes and that the driver provides his services on a

voluntary basis;

(b) vehicles of a maximum authorised mass exceeding 3 500 kg

by holders over 21 years old of a driving licence for cate-

gory B which was obtained at least two years before,

provided that the main purpose of the vehicles is to be used

only when stationary as an instructional or recreational

area, and that they are being used by non-commercial

bodies for social purposes and that vehicles have been modi-

fied so that they may not be used either for the transport of

more than nine persons or for the transport of any goods

other than those strictly necessary for their purposes.

Article 7

Issue, validity and renewal

1. Driving licences shall be issued only to those applicants:

(a) who have passed a test of skills and behaviour and a theore-

tical test and who meet medical standards, in accordance

with the provisions of Annexes II and III;

(b) who have passed a theory test only as regards category AM;

Member States may require applicants to pass a test of skills

and behaviour and a medical examination for this categor y.

For tricycles and quadricycles within this category, Member

States may impose a distinctive test of skills and behaviour.

For the differentiation of vehicles in category AM, a national

code may be inserted on the driving licence;

condition of having acquired a minimum of 2 years' experi-

ence on a motorcycle in category A1 or in category A2

respectively, passed a test of skills and behaviour only, or

completed a training pursuant to Annex VI;

(d) who have completed a training or passed a test of skills and

behaviour, or completed a training and passed a test of skills

and behaviour pursuant to Annex V as regards category B

for driving a vehicle combination as defined in the second

subparagraph of Article 4(4)(b);

(e) who have their normal residence in the territory of the

Member State issuing the licence, or can produce evidence

that they have been studying there for at least six months.

2. (a) As from 19 January 2013, licences issued by Member

States for categories AM, A1, A2, A, B, B1 and BE shall

have an administrative validity of 10 years.

A Member State may choose to issue such licences with

an administrative validity of up to 15 years;

(b) As from 19 January 2013, licences issued by Member

States for categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E

shall have an administrative validity of 5 years;

administrative validity period for another category or

categories the licence holder is entitled to drive, insofar

as this is in confor mity with the conditions laid down in

this Directive;

(d) The presence of a microchip pursuant to Article 1 shall

not be a prerequisite for the validity of a driving licence.

The loss or unreadability of the microchip, or any other

damage thereto, shall not affect the validity of the docu-

ment.

3. The renewal of driving licences when their administrative

validity expires shall be subject to:

(a) continuing compliance with the minimum standards of

physical and mental f itness for driving set out in Annex III

for driving licences in categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1,

D1E; and

(b) normal residence in the territory of the Member State

issuing the licence, or evidence that applicants have been

studying there for at least six months.

Member States may, when renewing driving licences in cate-

gories AM, A, A1, A2, B, B1 and BE, require an examination

applying the minimum standards of physical and mental fitness

for driving set out in Annex III.

30.12.2006L 403/24 Official Journal of the European Union

Member States may limit the period of administrative validity

set out in paragraph 2 of driving licences issued to novice

drivers for any category in order to apply specific measures to

such drivers, aiming at improving road safety.

Member States may limit the period of administrative validity of

the first licence issued to novice drivers for categories C and D

to 3 years in order to be able to apply specific measures to such

drivers, so as to improve their road safety.

Member States may limit the period of administrative validity

set out in paragraph 2 of individual driving licences for any cate-

gory in case it is found necessary to apply an increased

frequency of medical checks or other specific measures such as

restrictions for traffic offenders.

Member States may reduce the period of administrative validity

set out in paragraph 2 of driving licences of holders residing on

their territory having reached the age of 50 years in order to

apply an increased frequency of medical checks or other specific

measures such as refresher courses. This reduced period of

administrative validity can only be applied upon renewing the

driving licence.

4. Without prejudice to national criminal and police laws,

Member States may, after consulting the Commission, apply to

the issuing of driving licences the provisions of their national

rules relating to conditions other than those referred to in this

Directive.

5. (a) No person may hold more than one driving licence;

(b) A Member State shall refuse to issue a licence where it

establishes that the applicant already holds a driving

licence;

pursuant to point (b). The necessary measures as regards

the issue, replacement, renewal or exchange of a driving

licence shall be to verify with other Member States where

there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the appli-

cant is already the holder of another driving licence;

(d) In order to facilitate the checks pursuant to point (b),

Member States shall use the EU driving licence network

once it is operational.

Without prejudice to Article 2, a Member State issuing a

licence shall apply due diligence to ensure that a person

fulfils the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of this Article

and shall apply its national provisions on the cancellation or

withdrawal of the right to drive if it is established that a

licence has been issued without the requirements having

been met.

Article 8

Adaptation to scientif ic and technical progress

The amendments necessary to adapt Annexes I to VI to scien-

tific and technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with

the procedure referred to in Article 9(2).

Article 9

Committee

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the committee on

driving licences.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1)

to (4), and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply,

having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

Article 10

Examiners

From the entry into force of this Directive, driving examiners

shall meet the minimum standards set out in Annex IV.

Driving examiners already working in that capacity before 19

January 2013 shall be subject only to the requirements

concerning quality assurance and regular periodic training

measures.

Article 11

Various provisions concerning the exchange, the with-

drawal, the replacement and the recognition of driving

licences

1. Where the holder of a valid national driving licence issued

by a Member State has taken up normal residence in another

Member State, he may request that his driving licence be

exchanged for an equivalent licence. It shall be for the Member

State effecting the exchange to check for which category the

licence submitted is in fact still valid.

2. Subject to observance of the principle of territoriality of

criminal and police laws, the Member State of normal residence

may apply its national provisions on the restriction, suspension,

withdrawal or cancellation of the right to drive to the holder of

a driving licence issued by another Member State and, if neces-

sary, exchange the licence for that purpose.

30.12.2006 L 403/25Official Journal of the European Union

3. The Member State effecting the exchange shall return the

old licence to the authorities of the Member State which issued

it and give the reasons for doing so.

4. A Member State shall refuse to issue a driving licence to

an applicant whose dr iving licence is restricted, suspended or

withdrawn in another Member State.

A Member State shall refuse to recognise the validity of any

driving licence issued by another Member State to a person

whose driving licence is restricted, suspended or withdrawn in

the former State's territory.

A Member State may also refuse to issue a driving licence to an

applicant whose licence is cancelled in another Member State.

5. A replacement for a driving licence which has, for

example, been lost or stolen may only be obtained from the

competent authorities of the Member State in which the holder

has his normal residence; those authorities shall provide the

replacement on the basis of the information in their possession

or, where appropriate, proof from the competent authorities of

the Member State which issued the or iginal licence.

6. Where a Member State exchanges a driving licence issued

by a third country for a Community model driving licence, such

exchange shall be recorded on the Community model driving

licence as shall any subsequent renewal or replacement.

Such an exchange may occur only if the licence issued by the

third country has been surrendered to the competent authorities

of the Member State making the exchange. If the holder of this

licence transfers his normal residence to another Member State,

the latter need not apply the principle of mutual recognition set

out in Ar ticle 2.

Article 12

Normal residence

For the purpose of this Directive, ‘normal residence’ means the

place where a person usually lives, that is for at least 185 days

in each calendar year, because of personal and occupational ties,

or, in the case of a person with no occupational ties, because of

personal ties which show close links between that person and

the place where he is living.

However, the normal residence of a person whose occupational

ties are in a different place from his personal ties and who

consequently lives in turn in different places situated in two or

more Member States shall be regarded as being the place of his

personal ties, provided that such person returns there regularly.

This last condition need not be met where the person is living

in a Member State in order to carry out a task of a definite dura-

tion. Attendance at a university or school shall not imply

transfer of normal residence.

Article 13

Equivalences between non-Community model licences

1. With the agreement of the Commission, Member States

shall establish equivalences between entitlements obtained

before the implementation of this Directive and the categories

defined in Article 4.

After consulting the Commission, Member States may make to

their national legislation such adjustments as are necessary for

the purpose of implementing the provisions of Article 11(4), (5)

and (6).

2. Any entitlement to drive granted before 19 January 2013

shall not be removed or in any way qualified by the provisions

of this Directive.

Article 14

Review

The Commission shall report on the implementation of this

Directive, including its impact on road safety, not earlier than

19 January 2018.

Article 15

Mutual Assistance

Member States shall assist one another in the implementation of

this Directive and shall exchange information on the licences

they have issued, exchanged, replaced, renewed or revoked. They

shall use the EU driving licence network set up for these

purposes, once this network is operational.

Article 16

Transposition

1. Member States shall adopt and publish, not later than 19

January 2011, the laws, regulations and administrative provi-

sions necessary to comply with Article 1(1), Article 3, Article 4

(1), (2), (3) and (4)(b) to (k), Article 6(1), (2)(a), (c), (d) and (e),

Article 7(1)(b), (c) and (d), (2), (3) and (5), Article 8, Article 10,

Article 13, Article 14, Article 15, and Annexes I, point 2, II,

point 5.2 concerning categories A1, A2 and A, IV, V and VI.

They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text

of those provisions.

30.12.2006L 403/26 Official Journal of the European Union

2. They shall apply those provisions as from 19 January

2013.

3. When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall

contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by

such reference on the occasion of their official publication. They

shall also contain an indication that references made, in the

laws, regulations or administrative provisions in force, to the

repealed Directive shall be construed as being made to this

Directive. The methods of making such reference, and its

wording, shall be laid down by Member States.

4. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the

text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in

the field covered by this Directive.

Article 17

Repeal

Directive 91/439/EEC shall be repealed with effect from 19

January 2013, without prejudice to the obligations of the

Member States with regard to the deadlines indicated in Annex

VII, Part B for transposing that Directive into national law.

Article 2(4) of Directive 91/439/EEC shall be repealed on 19

January 2007.

References made to the repealed Directive shall be construed as

being made to this Directive and should be read in accordance

with the correlation table in Annex VIII.

Article 18

Entry into force

This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day

following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the Euro-

pean Union.

Article 2(1), Article 5, Article 6(2)(b), Article 7(1)(a), Article 9,

Article 11(1), (3), (4), (5) and (6), Article 12, and Annexes I, II

and III shall apply from 19 January 2009.

Article 19

Addressees

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 20 December 2006.

For the European Parliament

The President

J. BORRELL FONTELLES

For the Council

The President

J. KORKEAOJA

30.12.2006 L 403/27Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX I

PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE COMMUNITY MODEL DRIVING LICENCE

1. The physical characteristics of the card of the Community model driving licence shall be in accordance with ISO 7810

and ISO 7816-1.

The card shall be made of polycarbonate.

Methods for testing the characteristics of driving licences for the purpose of confirming their compliance with the

international standards shall be in accordance with ISO 10373.

2. Physical security of driving licences

The threats to the physical security of driving licences are:

— production of false cards: creating a new object which bears great resemblance to the document, either by making

it from scratch or by copying an original document,

— material alteration: changing a property of an original document, e.g. modifying some of the data printed on the

document;

The overall secur ity lies in the system in its entirety, consisting of the application process, the transmission of data, the

card body material, the printing technique, a minimum set of different security features and the personalisation

process.

(a) The material used for driving licences shall be made secure against forgery by using the following techniques

(mandatory security features):

— card bodies shall be UV dull,

— a security background pattern designed to be resistant to counterfeit by scanning, printing or copying, using

rainbow printing with multicolour security inks and positive and negative guilloche printing. The pattern shall

not be composed of the primary colours (CMYK), shall contain complex pattern designs in a minimum of two

special colours and shall include micro lettering,

— optical variable elements providing adequate protection against copying and tampering of the photograph,

— laser engraving,

— in the area of the photograph the security design background and photograph should overlap on at least its

border (weakening pattern).

(b) In addition, the material used for driving licences shall be made secure against forgery by using at least three of the

following techniques (additional security features):

— colour-shifting inks*,

— termochromic ink*,

— custom holograms*,

— variable laser images*,

— ultraviolet fluorescent ink, visible and transparent,

— iridescent printing,

— digital watermark in the background,

— infrared or phosphorescent pigments,

— tactile characters, symbols or patterns*.

asterisk are to be preferred as they enable the law enforcement officers to check the validity of the card without

any special means.

3. The licence shall have two sides.

Page 1 shall contain:

(a) the words ‘Driving Licence’ printed in large type in the language or languages of the Member State issuing the

licence;

(b) the name of the Member State issuing the licence (optional);

30.12.2006L 403/28 Official Journal of the European Union

(c) the distinguishing sign of the Member State issuing the licence, printed in negative in a blue rectangle and encircled

by twelve yellow stars; the distinguishing signs shall be as follows:

B: Belgium

CZ: Czech Republic

DK: Denmark

D: Germany

EST: Estonia

GR: Greece

E: Spain

F: France

IRL: Ireland

I: Italy

CY: Cyprus

LV: Latvia

LT: Lithuania

L: Luxembourg

H: Hungary

M: Malta

NL: The Netherlands

A: Austria

PL: Poland

P: Portugal

SLO: Slovenia

SK: Slovakia

FIN: Finland

S: Sweden

UK: The United Kingdom;

(d) information specific to the licence issued, numbered as follows:

1. surname of the holder;

2. other name(s) of the holder;

3. date and place of birth;

4. (a) date of issue of the licence;

(b) date of expiry of the licence or a dash if the licence is valid indefinitely under the provision of Article 7(2)

(c);

(d) a different number from the one under heading 5, for administrative purposes (optional);

5. number of the licence;

6. photograph of the holder;

7. signature of the holder;

8. permanent place of residence, or postal address (optional);

9. category of vehicle(s) the holder is entitled to drive (national categories shall be printed in a different type from

harmonised categories);

30.12.2006 L 403/29Official Journal of the European Union

(e) the words ‘European Communities model’ in the language(s) of the Member State issuing the licence and the words

‘Driving Licence’ in the other languages of the Community, printed in pink to form the background of the licence:

Permiso de Conducción

Řidičský průkaz

Kørekort

Führerschein

Juhiluba

Άδεια Οδήγησης

Driving Licence

Permis de conduire

Ceadúas Tiomána

Patente di guida

Vadītāja apliecība

Vairuotojo pažymėjimas

Vezetői engedély

Liċenzja tas-Sewqan

Rijbewijs

Prawo Jazdy

Carta de Condução

Vodičský preukaz

Vozniško dovoljenje

Ajokortti

Körkort;

(f) Colour references:

— blue: Pantone Reflex Blue,

— yellow: Pantone Yellow.

Page 2 shall contain:

(a) 9. category of vehicle(s) the holder is entitled to drive (national categories shall be printed in a different type

from harmonised categories);

10. date of first issue of each category (this date must be repeated on the new licence in the event of subsequent

replacement or exchange);

11. date of expiry of each category ;

12. additional information/restriction(s), in code form, facing the (sub)category affected.

The codes shall be as follows:

— codes 01 to 99: harmonised Community codes

DRIVER (Medical reasons)

01. Sight correction and/or protection

01.01 Glasses

01.02 Contact lense(s)

01.03 Protective glass

01.04 Opaque lense

01.05 Eye cover

01.06 Glasses or contact lenses

30.12.2006L 403/30 Official Journal of the European Union

02. Hearing aid/communication aid

02.01 Hearing aid for one ear

02.02 Hearing aid for two ears

03. Prosthesis/orthosis for the limbs

03.01 Upper limb prosthesis/orthosis

03.02 Lower limb prosthesis/orthosis

05. Limited use (subcode use obligatory, driving subject to restrictions for medical reasons)

05.01 Limited to day time journeys (for example: one hour after sunrise and one hour before sunset)

05.02 Limited to journeys within a radius of … km from holder's place of residence or only inside city/

region

05.03 Driving without passengers

05.04 Limited to journeys with a speed not greater than … km/h

05.05 Driving authorised solely when accompanied by a holder of a driving licence

05.06 Without trailer

05.07 No driving on motorways

05.08 No alcohol

VEHICLE ADAPTATIONS

10. Modified transmission

10.01 Manual transmission

10.02 Automatic transmission

10.03 Electronically operated transmission

10.04 Adjusted gear-shift lever

10.05 Without secondary gearbox

15. Modified clutch

15.01 Adjusted gear-shift lever

15.02 Manual clutch

15.03 Automatic clutch

15.04 Partitioning in front of/fold away/detached clutch pedal

20. Modified braking systems

20.01 Adjusted brake pedal

20.02 Enlarged brake pedal

20.03 Brake pedal suitable for use by left foot

20.04 Brake pedal by sole

20.05 Tilted brake pedal

20.06 Manual (adapted) service brake

20.07 Maximum use of reinforced service brake

20.08 Maximum use of emergency brake integrated in the service brake

20.09 Adjusted parking brake

20.10 Electrically operated parking brake

20.11 (Adjusted) foot operated parking brake

20.12 Partitioning in front of/fold away/detached brake pedal

20.13 Brake operated by knee

20.14 Electrically operated service brake

30.12.2006 L 403/31Official Journal of the European Union

25. Modified accelerator systems

25.01 Adjusted accelerator pedal

25.02 Accelerator pedal by sole

25.03 Tilted accelerator pedal

25.04 Manual accelerator

25.05 Accelerator at knee

25.06 Servo accelerator (electronic, pneumatic, etc.)

25.07 Accelerator pedal on the left of brake pedal

25.08 Accelerator pedal on the left

25.09 Partitioning in front of/fold away/detached accelerator pedal

30. Modified combined braking and accelerator systems

30.01 Parallel pedals

30.02 Pedals at (or almost at) the same level

30.03 Accelerator and brake with sliding

30.04 Accelerator and brake with sliding and orthesis

30.05 Fold away/detached accelerator and brake pedals

30.06 Raised floor

30.07 Partitioning on the side of the brake pedal

30.08 Partitioning for prosthesis on the side of the brake pedal

30.09 Partitioning in front of the accelerator and brake pedals

30.10 Heel/leg support

30.11 Electrically operated accelerator and brake

35. Modified control layouts

(Lights switches, windscreen wiper/washer, horn, direction indicators, etc.)

35.01 Control devices operable without negative influence on the steering and handling

35.02 Control devices operable without releasing the steering wheel and accessories (knob, fork, etc.)

35.03 Control devices operable without releasing the steering wheel and accessories (knob, fork, etc.) with

the left hand

35.04 Control devices operable without releasing the steering wheel and accessories (knob, fork, etc.) with

the right hand

35.05 Control devices operable without releasing the steering wheel and accessories (knob, fork, etc.) and

the combined accelerator and braking mechanismss

40. Modified steering

40.01 Standard assisted steering

40.02 Reinforced assisted steerin g

40.03 Steering with backup system

40.04 Lengthened steering column

40.05 Adjusted steering wheel (Larger and/or thicker steering wheel section, reduced diameter steering

wheel, etc.)

40.06 Tilted steering wheel

40.07 Vertical steering wheel

40.08 Horizontal steering wheel

40.09 Foot operated driving

40.10 Alternative adjusted steering (joy-stick, etc.)

40.11 Knob on the steering wheel

40.12 Hand orthesis on the steering wheel

40.13 With orthesis tenodese

30.12.2006L 403/32 Official Journal of the European Union

42. Modified rearview mirror(s)

42.01 External (left or) right-side rear-view mirror

42.02 External rear-view mirror set on the wing

42.03 Additional inside rear-view mirror permitting view of traffic

42.04 Panoramic inside rear-view mirror

42.05 Blind spot rear-view mirror

42.06 Electrically operated outside rear-view mirror(s)

43. Modified driver seat

43.01 Driver seat at a good viewing height and in normal distance from the steering wheel and the pedal

43.02 Driver seat adjusted to body shape

43.03 Driver seat with lateral support for good sitting stability

43.04 Driver seat with armrest

43.05 Lengthening of sliding driver's seat

43.06 Seat-belt adjustment

43.07 Harness-type seat-belt

44. Modifications to motorcycles (subcode use obligatory)

44.01 Single operated brake

44.02 (Adjusted) hand operated brake (front wheel)

44.03 (Adjusted) foot operated brake (back wheel)

44.04 (Adjusted) accelerator handle

44.05 (Adjusted) manual transmission and manual clutch

44.06 (Adjusted) rear-view mirror(s)

44.07 (Adjusted) commands (direction indicators, braking light, …)

44.08 Seat height allowing the driver, in sitting position, to have two feet on the road at the same time

45. Motorcycle with side-car only

50. Restricted to a specific vehicle/chassis number (vehicle identification number, VIN)

51. Restricted to a specific vehicle/registration plate (vehicle registration number, VRN)

ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

70. Exchange of licence No … issued by … (EU/UN distinguishing sign in the case of a third country; e.

g: 70.0123456789.NL)

71. Duplicate of licence No … (EU/UN distinguishing sign in the case of a third country; e.g: 71.987654321.

HR)

72. Restricted to category A vehicles having a maximum cylinder capacity of 125 cc and maximum power of

11 KW (A1)

73. Restricted to category B vehicles of the motor tricycle or quadricycle type (B1)

74. Restricted to category C vehicles the maximum authorised mass of which does not exceed 7 500 kg (C1)

75. Restricted to category D vehicles with not more than 16 seats, excluding the driver's seat (D1)

30.12.2006 L 403/33Official Journal of the European Union

76. Restricted to category C vehicles the maximum authorised mass of which does not exceed 7 500 kg (C1),

attached to a trailer the maximum authorised mass of which exceeds 750 kg, provided that the maximum

authorised mass of the vehicle train thus formed does not exceed 12 000 kg, and that the maximum

authorised mass of the trailer does not exceed the unladen mass of the drawing vehicle (C1E)

77. Restricted to category D vehicles with not more than 16 passenger seats, excluding the driver's seat (D1),

attached to a trailer the maximum authorised mass of which exceeds 750 kg provided that (a) the

maximum authorised mass of the vehicle train thus formed does not exceed 12 000 kg and the maximum

authorised mass of the trailer does not exceed the unladen mass of the drawing vehicle and (b) the trailer

is not used to carry passengers (D1E)

78. Restricted to vehicles with automatic transmission

79. (…) Restricted to vehicles which comply with the specifications indicated in brackets, in the context of the

application of Article 10(1) of Directive 91/439/EEC

90.01: to the left

90.02: to the right

90.03: lef t

90.04: right

90.05: hand

90.06: foot

90.07: usable

95. Driver holding CPC meeting the obligation of professional aptitude provided for by Directive 2003/59/EC

until … [e.g.: 95.01.01.2012]

96. Driver having completed training or having passed a test of skills and behaviour in accordance with the

provisions of Annex V.

— codes 100 and above:: national codes valid only for driving in the territory of the Member State which issued

the licence.

Where a code applies to all categories for which the licence is issued, it may be printed under headings 9, 10

and 11;

13. in implementation of section 4(a) of this Annex, a space reserved for the possible entry by the host

Member State of information essential for administering the licence;

14. a space reserved for the possible entry by the Member State which issues the licence of information essen-

tial for administering the licence or related to road safety (optional). If the information relates to one of

the headings defined in this Annex, it should be preceded by the number of the heading in question.

With the specific written agreement of the holder, information which is not related to the administration

of the driving licence or road safety may also be added in this space; such addition shall not alter in any

way the use of the model as a driving licence;

(b) an explanation of the numbered items which appear on pages 1 and 2 of the licence (at least items 1, 2, 3, 4 (a), 4

(b), 4 (c), 5, 10, 11 and 12)

If a Member State wishes to make the entries in a national language other than one of the following languages:

Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian,

Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish or Swedish, it shall draw up a bilingual version of the

licence using one of the aforementioned languages, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Annex;

similar computer device.

30.12.2006L 403/34 Official Journal of the European Union

4. Special provisions

(a) Where the holder of a driving licence issued by a Member State in accordance with this Annex has his normal

place of residence in another Member State, that Member State may enter in the licence such information as is

essential for administering it, provided that it also enters this type of information in the licences which it issues

and provided that there remains enough space for the purpose.

(b) After consulting the Commission, Member States may add colours or markings, such as bar codes and national

symbols, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Annex.

In the context of mutual recognition of licences, the bar code may not contain information other than what can

already be read on the driving licence or which is essential to the process of issuing the licence.

30.12.2006 L 403/35Official Journal of the European Union

COMMUNITY MODEL DRIVING LICENCE

Page 1 DRIVING LICENCE [MEMBER STATE]

Page 2 1. Name 2. First name 3. Date and place of birth 4a. Date of issue of driving licence 4b. Official date of expiry 4c.

Issued by 5. Serial number of licence 8. Place of residence 9. Category (

) 10. Date of issue, by category 11. Date

of expiry, by category 12. Restrictions

30.12.2006L 403/36 Official Journal of the European Union

(

) Note: a pictogram and a line for category AM will be added.

Note: the term ‘A2’ will be added to the section on motorcycle categories.

SPECIMEN MODEL LICENCE

BELGIAN LICENCE (for information)

30.12.2006 L 403/37Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX II

I. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING TESTS

Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that applicants for driving licences possess the knowledge and

skills and exhibit the behaviour required for driving a motor vehicle. The tests introduced to this effect must consist of:

— a theory test, and then

— a test of skills and behaviour.

The conditions under which these tests shall be conducted are set out below.

A. THEORY TEST

1. Form

The form chosen shall be such as to make sure that the applicant has the required knowledge of the subjects

listed on points 2, 3 and 4.

Any applicant for a licence in one category who has passed a theory test for a licence in a different category may

be exempt from the common provisions of points 2, 3 and 4.

2. Content of the theory test concerning all vehicle categories

2.1. Questions must be asked on each of the points listed below, the content and form of the questions being left to

the discretion of each Member State:

2.1.1. Road traffic regulations:

— in particular as regards road signs, markings and signals, rights of way and speed limits;

2.1.2. The driver:

— importance of alertness and of attitude to other road users,

— perception, judgement and decision-taking, especially reaction time, as well as changes in driving behaviour

due to the influence of alcohol, drugs and medicinal products, state of mind and fatigue;

2.1.3. The road:

— the most important principles concerning the observance of a safe distance between vehicles, braking

distances and road holding under various weather and road conditions,

— driving risk factors related to various road conditions, in particular as they change with the weather and the

time of day or night,

— characteristics of various types of road and the related statutory requirements;

2.1.4. Other road users:

— specific risk factors related to the lack of experience of other road users and the most vulnerable categories of

users such as children, pedestrians, cyclists and people whose mobility is reduced,

— risks involved in the movement and driving of various types of vehicles and of the different fields of view of

their drivers;

2.1.5. General rules and regulations and other matters:

— rules concerning the administrative documents required for the use of vehicles,

— general rules specifying how the driver must behave in the event of an accident (setting warning devices and

raising the alar m) and the measures which he can take to assist road accident victims where necessary,

— safety factors relating to the vehicle, the load and persons carried;

2.1.6. Precautions necessary when alighting from the vehicle;

2.1.7. Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety; applicants must be able to detect the most common faults, in

particular in the steering, suspension and braking systems, tyres, lights and direction indicators, reflectors, rear-

view mirrors, windscreen and wipers, the exhaust system, seat-belts and the audible warning device;

30.12.2006L 403/38 Official Journal of the European Union

2.1.8. Vehicle safety equipment and, in particular, the use of seat-belts, head restraints and child safety equipment;

2.1.9. Rules regarding vehicle use in relation to the environment (appropriate use of audible warning devices, moderate

fuel consumption, limitation of pollutant emissions, etc.).

3. Specific provisions concerning categories A1, A2 and A

3.1. Compulsory check of general knowledge on:

3.1.1. Use of protective outfit such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet;

3.1.2. Visibility of motorcycle riders for other road users;

3.1.3. Risk factors related to various road conditions as laid down above with additional attention to slippery parts such

as drain covers, road markings such as lines and arrows, tram rails;

3.1.4. Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety as laid down above with additional attention to the emergency

stop switch, the oil levels and the chain.

4. Specific provisions concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E

4.1. Compulsory check of general knowledge on:

4.1.1. Rules on driving hours and rest periods as defined by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3820/85 of 20 December 1985

on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport (

); use of the recording equipment as

defined by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 of 20 December 1985 on recording equipment in road trans-

port (

4.1.2. Rules concerning the type of transport concerned: goods or passengers;

4.1.3. Vehicle and transport documents required for the national and international carriage of goods and passengers;

4.1.4. How to behave in the event of an accident; knowledge of measures to be taken after an accident or similar occur-

rence, including emergency action such as evacuation of passengers and basic knowledge of first aid;

4.1.5. The precautions to be taken during the removal and replacement of wheels;

4.1.6. Rules on vehicle weights and dimensions; rules on speed limiters;

4.1.7. Obstruction of the field of view caused by the characteristics of their vehicles;

4.1.8. Reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional);

4.1.9. Safety factors relating to vehicle loading: controlling the load (stowing and fastening), difficulties with different

kinds of load (e.g. liquids, hanging loads, …), loading and unloading goods and the use of loading equipment

(categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

4.1.10. The driver's responsibility in respect to the carriage of passengers; comfort and safety of passengers; transport of

children; necessary checks before driving away; all sorts of buses should be part of the theory test (public service

buses and coaches, buses with special dimensions, …) (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

4.2. Compulsory check of general knowledge on the following additional provisions concerning categories C, CE, D

and DE:

4.2.1. The principles of the construction and functioning of: internal combustion engines, fluids (e.g. engine oil,

coolant, washer fluid), the fuel system, the electrical system, the ignition system, the transmission system (clutch,

gearbox, etc.);

30.12.2006 L 403/39Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ L 370, 31.12.1985, p. 1. Regulation as repealed by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L

102, 11.4.2006, p. 1).

(

) OJ L 370, 31.12.1985, p. 8. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006.

4.2.2. Lubrication and antifreeze protection;

4.2.3. The principles of the construction, the fitting, correct use and care of tyres;

4.2.4. The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of brake fittings

and speed governors, and use of anti-lock brakes;

4.2.5. The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of coupling

systems (categories CE, DE only);

4.2.6. Methods of locating causes of breakdowns;

4.2.7. Preventive maintenance of vehicles and necessary running repairs;

4.2.8. The driver's responsibility in respect of the receipt, carriage and delivery of goods in accordance with the agreed

conditions (categories C, CE only).

B. TEST OF SKILLS AND BEHAVIOUR

5. The vehicle and its equipment

5.1. The driving of a vehicle with manual transmission shall be subject to the passing of a skills and behaviour test

taken on a vehicle with manual transmission.

If an applicant takes the test of skills and behaviour on a vehicle with automatic transmission this shall be

recorded on any licence issued on the basis of such a test. Licences with this indication shall be used only for

driving vehicles with automatic transmission.

‘Vehicle with automatic transmission’ means a vehicle in which the gear ratio between the engine and the wheels

can be varied by use only of the accelerator or the brakes

5.2. The vehicles used in tests of skills and behaviour shall comply with the minimum criteria given below. Member

States may make provisions for more stringent criteria or add others.

Category A1:

Category A1 motorcycle without sidecar, with a cubic capacity of at least 120 cm

, and capable of a speed of at

least 90 km/h

Category A2:

Motorcycle without sidecar, with a cylinder capacity of at least 400 cm

, and an engine power of at least 25 kW

Category A

Motorcycle without sidecar, with a cylinder capacity of at least 600 cm

, and an engine power of at least 40 kW

Category B:

A four-wheeled category B vehicle capable of a speed of at least 100 km/h;

Category BE:

A combination, made up of a category B test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least

1 000 kg, capable of a speed of at least 100 km/h, which does not fall within category B; the cargo compartment

of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the motor vehicle; the

closed box body may also be slightly less wide than the motor vehicle provided that the view to the rear is only

possible by use of the external rear-view mirrors of the motor vehicle; the trailer shall be presented with a

minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

Category B1:

A motor-powered quadricycle capable of a speed of at least 60 km/h;

30.12.2006L 403/40 Official Journal of the European Union

Category C:

A category C vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 12 000 kg, a length of at least 8 m, a width of

at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes, equipped with a gearbox

having at least eight forward ratios and recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85; the

cargo compar tment shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the cab; the vehicle

shall be presented with a minimum of 10 000 kg real total mass;

Category CE:

either an articulated vehicle or a combination of a category C test vehicle and a trailer of at least 7,5 m in length;

both the articulated vehicle and the combination shall have a maximum authorised mass of at least 20 000 kg, a

length of at least 14 m and a width of at least 2,40 m, shall be capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h, fitted with

anti-lock brakes, equipped with a gearbox having at least eight forward ratios and with recording equipment as

defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85; the cargo compartment shall consist of a closed box body which is at

least as wide and as high as the cab; both the articulated vehicle and the combination shall be presented with a

minimum of 15 000 kg real total mass;

Category C1:

A subcategory C1 vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 4 000 kg, with a length of at least 5 m

and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment

as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85; the cargo compartment shall consist of a closed box body which is

at least as wide and as high as the cab;

Category C1E:

A combination made up of a subcategory C1 test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at

least 1 250 kg; this combination shall be at least 8 m in length and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the

cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the

cab; the closed box body may also be slightly less wide than the cab provided that the view to the rear is only

possible by use of the external rear-view mirrors of the motor vehicle; the trailer shall be presented with a

minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

Category D:

A category D vehicle with a length of at least 10 m, a width of at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least

80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EEC) No

3821/85;

Category DE:

A combination made up of a category D test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least

1 250 kg, a width of at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the cargo compartment of the

trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least 2 m wide and 2 m high; the trailer shall be presented

with a minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

Category D1:

A subcategory D1 vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 4 000 kg, with a length of at least 5 m

and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment

as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85;

Category D1E:

A combination made up of a subcategory D1 test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at

least 1 250 kg and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a

closed box body which is at least 2 m wide and 2 m high; the trailer shall be presented with a minimum of

800 kg real total mass;

30.12.2006 L 403/41Official Journal of the European Union

Testing vehicles for categories BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E which are not in conformity with the

minimum criteria given above but which were in use on or before the moment of entry into force of this Direc-

tive, may still be used for a per iod not exceeding ten years after that date. The requirements related to the load to

be carried by these vehicles, may be implemented by Member States up to ten years from the moment of entry

into force of Commission Directive 2000/56/EC (

6. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories A1, A2 and A

6.1. Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to ride safely by satisfying the following require-

ments:

6.1.1. Adjust the protective outfit, such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet;

6.1.2. Perform a random check on the condition of the tyres, brakes, steering, emergency stop switch (if applicable),

chain, oil levels, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device.

6.2. Special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

6.2.1. Putting the motorcycle on and off its stand and moving it, without the aid of the engine, by walking alongside

the vehicle;

6.2.2. Parking the motorcycle on its stand;

6.2.3. At least two manoeuvres to be executed at slow speed, including a slalom; this should allow competence to be

assessed in handling of the clutch in combination with the brake, balance, vision direction and position on the

motorcycle and the position of the feet on the foot rests;

6.2.4. At least two manoeuvres to be executed at higher speed, of which one manoeuvre in second or third gear, at least

30 km/h and one manoeuvre avoiding an obstacle at a minimum speed of 50 km/h; this should allow compe-

tence to be assessed in the position on the motorcycle, vision direction, balance, steering technique and technique

of changing gears;

6.2.5. Braking: at least two braking exercises shall be executed, including an emergency brake at a minimum speed of

50 km/h; this should allow competence to be assessed in handling of the front and rear brake, vision direction

and the position on the motorcycle.

The special manoeuvres mentioned under points 6.2.3 to 6.2.5 have to be implemented at the latest five years

after entry into force of Directive 2000/56/EC.

6.3. Behaviour in traffic

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all

necessary precautions:

6.3.1. Riding away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

6.3.2. Riding on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

6.3.3. Riding round bends;

6.3.4. Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

6.3.5. Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

6.3.6. Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the decelera-

tion lane;

6.3.7. Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); riding alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being over-

taken by other traffic (if appropriate);

6.3.8. Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings;

riding up-/downhill on long slopes;

6.3.9. Taking the necessary precautions when getting off the vehicle.

30.12.2006L 403/42 Official Journal of the European Union

(

) Commission Directive 2000/56/EC of 14 September 2000 amending Council Directive 91/439/EEC on driving licences (OJ L 237,

21.9.2000, p. 45).

7. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories B, B1 and BE

7.1. Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following require-

ments:

7.1.1. Adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

7.1.2. Adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

7.1.3. Checking that the doors are closed;

7.1.4. Performing a random check on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer

fluid), lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

7.1.5. Checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, cabin locking, way of loading,

securing load (category BE only);

7.1.6. Checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (category BE only).

7.2. Categories B and B1: special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

A selection of the following manoeuvres shall be tested (at least two manoeuvres for the four points, including

one in reverse gear):

7.2.1. Reversing in a straight line or reversing right or left round a corner while keeping within the correct traffic lane;

7.2.2. Turning the vehicle to face the opposite way, using forward and reverse gears;

7.2.3. Parking the vehicle and leaving a parking space (parallel, oblique or right-angle, forwards or in reverse, on the

flat, uphill or downhill);

7.2.4. Braking accurately to a stop; however, performing an emergency stop is optional.

7.3. Category BE: special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

7.3.1. Coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must

involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer (i.e. not in one line);

7.3.2. Reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

7.3.3. Parking safely for loading/unloading.

7.4. Behaviour in traffic

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all

necessary precautions:

7.4.1. Driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

7.4.2. Driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

7.4.3. Driving round bends;

7.4.4. Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

7.4.5. Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

7.4.6. Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the decelera-

tion lane;

7.4.7. Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being over-

taken by other traffic (if appropriate);

7.4.8. Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings;

driving up-/downhill on long slopes;

7.4.9. Taking the necessary precautions when alighting from the vehicle.

30.12.2006 L 403/43Official Journal of the European Union

8. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E

8.1. Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following require-

ments:

8.1.1. Adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

8.1.2. Adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

8.1.3. Random checks on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible

warning device;

8.1.4. Checking the power-assisted braking and steering systems; checking the condition of the wheels, wheelnuts,

mudguards, windscreen, windows and wipers, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer fluid); checking and using

the instrument panel including the recording equipment as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85;

8.1.5. Checking the air pressure, air tanks and the suspension;

8.1.6. Checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, loading mechanism (if available),

cabin locking (if available), way of loading, securing load (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

8.1.7. Checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

8.1.8. Being capable of taking special vehicle safety measures; controlling the body, service doors, emergency exits, first

aid equipment, fire extinguishers and other safety equipment (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only);

8.1.9. Reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional).

8.2. Special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

8.2.1. Coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must

involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer (i.e. not in one line) (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E

only);

8.2.2. Reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

8.2.3. Parking safely for loading/unloading at a loading ramp/platform or similar installation (categories C, CE, C1, C1E

only);

8.2.4. Parking to let passengers on or off the bus safely (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

8.3. Behaviour in traffic

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all

necessary precautions:

8.3.1. Driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

8.3.2. Driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

8.3.3. Driving round bends;

8.3.4. Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

8.3.5. Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

8.3.6. Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the decelera-

tion lane;

8.3.7. Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being over-

taken by other traffic (if appropriate);

30.12.2006L 403/44 Official Journal of the European Union

8.3.8. Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings;

driving up-/downhill on long slopes;

8.3.9. Taking the necessary precautions when alighting from the vehicle.

9. Marking of the test of skills and behaviour

9.1. For each of the abovementioned driving situations, the assessment must reflect the degree of ease with which the

applicant handles the vehicle controls and his demonstrated capacity to drive in traffic in complete safety. The

examiner must feel safe throughout the test. Dr iving errors or dangerous conduct immediately endangering the

safety of the test vehicle, its passengers or other road users shall be penalised by failing the test, whether or not

the examiner or accompanying person has to intervene. Nonetheless, the examiner shall be free to decide whether

or not the skills and behaviour test should be completed.

Driving examiners must be trained to assess correctly the applicants' ability to drive safely. The work of driving

examiners must be monitored and supervised, by a body authorised by the Member State, to ensure correct and

consistent application of fault assessment in accordance with the standards laid down in this Annex.

9.2. During their assessment, driving examiners shall pay special attention to whether an applicant is showing a defen-

sive and social driving behaviour. This should reflect the overall style of driving and the driving examiner should

take this into account in the overall picture of the applicant. It includes adapted and determined (safe) driving,

taking into account road and weather conditions, taking into account other traffic, taking into account the inter-

ests of other road users (particularly the more vulnerable) and anticipation.

9.3. The driving examiner will furthermore assess whether the applicant is:

9.3.1. Controlling the vehicle; taking into account: proper use of safety belts, rear-view mirrors, head restraints; seat;

proper use of lights and other equipment; proper use of clutch, gearbox, accelerator, braking systems (including

third braking system, if available), steering; controlling the vehicle under different circumstances, at different

speeds; steadiness on the road; the weight and dimensions and characteristics of the vehicle; the weight and type

of load (categories BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, DE, D1E only); the comfort of the passengers (categories D, DE, D1, D1E

only) (no fast acceleration, smoothly driving and no hard braking);

9.3.2. Driving economically and in an environmentally friendly way, taking into account the revolutions per minute,

changing gears, braking and accelerating (categories BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E only);

9.3.3. Observation: all-round observation; proper use of mirrors; far, middle, near distance vision;

9.3.4. Priority/giving way: prior ity at crossroads, intersections and junctions; giving way at other occasions (e.g. chan-

ging direction, changing lanes, special manoeuvres);

9.3.5. Correct position on the road: proper position on the road, in lanes, on roundabouts, round bends, suitable for

the type and the characteristics of the vehicle; pre-positioning;

9.3.6. Keeping distance: keeping adequate distance to the front and the side; keeping adequate distance from other road

users;

9.3.7. Speed: not exceeding the maximum allowed speed; adapting speed to weather/traffic conditions and where appro-

priate up to national speed limits; driving at such a speed that stopping within distance of the visible and free

road is possible; adapting speed to general speed of same kind of road users;

9.3.8. Traffic lights, road signs and other indications: acting correctly at traffic lights; obeying instructions from traffic

controllers; acting correctly at road signs (prohibitions or commands); take appropr iate action at road markings;

9.3.9. Signalling: give signals where necessary, correctly and properly timed; indicating directions correctly; taking

appropriate action with regard to all signals made by other road users;

9.3.10. Braking and stopping: decelerating in time, braking or stopping according to circumstances; anticipation; using

the various braking systems (only for categories C, CE, D, DE); using speed reduction systems other than the

brakes (only for categories C, CE, D, DE).

30.12.2006 L 403/45Official Journal of the European Union

10. Length of the test

The length of the test and the distance travelled must be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour laid down in

paragraph B of this Annex. In no circumstances should the time spent driving on the road be less than 25

minutes for categories A, A1, A2, B, B1 and BE and 45 minutes for the other categories. This does not include

the reception of the applicant, the preparation of the vehicle, the technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on

road safety, the special manoeuvres and the announcement of the outcome of the practical test.

11. Location of the test

The part of the test to assess the special manoeuvres may be conducted on a special testing ground. Wherever

practicable, the part of the test to assess behaviour in traffic should be conducted on roads outside built-up areas,

expressways and motorways (or similar), as well as on all kinds of urban streets (residential areas, 30 and 50 km/

h areas, urban expressways) which should represent the various types of difficulty likely to be encountered by

drivers. It is also desirable for the test to take place in various traffic density conditions. The time spent driving

on the road should be used in an optimal way to assess the applicant in all the various traffic areas that can be

encountered, with a special emphasis on changing between these areas.

II. KNOWLEDGE, SKILL AND BEHAVIOUR FOR DRIVING A POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE

Drivers of all power-driven vehicles must at any moment have the knowledge, skills and behaviour described under

points 1 to 9, with a view to be able to:

— Recognise traffic dangers and assess their seriousness,

— Have sufficient command of their vehicle not to create dangerous situations and to react appropriately should such

situations occur,

— Comply with road traffic regulations, and in particular those intended to prevent road accidents and to maintain the

flow of traffic,

— Detect any major technical faults in their vehicles, in particular those posing a safety hazard, and have them remedied

in an appropriate fashion,

— Take account of all the factors affecting driving behaviour (e.g. alcohol, fatigue, poor eyesight, etc.) so as to retain full

use of the faculties needed to drive safely,

— Help ensure the safety of all road users, and in particular of the weakest and most exposed by showing due respect for

others.

Member States may implement the appropriate measures to ensure that drivers who have lost the knowledge, skills and

behaviour as described under points 1 to 9 can recover this knowledge and these skills and will continue to exhibit such

behaviour required for driving a motor vehicle.

30.12.2006L 403/46 Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX III

MINIMUM STANDARDS OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FITNESS FOR DRIVING A POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE

DEFINITIONS

1. For the purpose of this Annex, drivers are classified in two groups:

1.1. Group 1:

drivers of vehicles of categories A, A1, A2, AM, B, B1 and BE.

1.2. Group 2:

drivers of vehicles of categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E.

1.3. National legislation may provide for the provisions set out in this Annex for Group 2 drivers to apply to drivers of

Category B vehicles using their driving licence for professional purposes (taxis, ambulances, etc.).

2. Similarly, applicants for a first driving licence or for the renewal of a driving licence are classified in the group to

which they will belong once the licence has been issued or renewed.

MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS

3. Group 1:

Applicants shall be required to undergo a medical examination if it becomes apparent, when the necessary formal-

ities are being completed or dur ing the tests which they have to undergo prior to obtaining a driving licence, that

they have one or more of the medical disabilities mentioned in this Annex.

4. Group 2:

Applicants shall undergo medical examinations before a driving licence is first issued to them and thereafter drivers

shall be checked in accordance with the national system in place in the Member State of normal residence whenever

their driving licence is renewed

5. The standards set by Member States for the issue or any subsequent renewal of driving licences may be stricter than

those set out in this Annex.

SIGHT

6. All applicants for a driving licence shall undergo an appropriate investigation to ensure that they have adequate

visual acuity for driving power-driven vehicles. Where there is reason to doubt that the applicant's vision is

adequate, he shall be examined by a competent medical authority. At this examination attention shall be paid the

following in particular: visual acuity, field of vision, twilight vision and progressive eye diseases.

For the purpose of this Annex, intra-ocular lenses shall not be considered corrective lenses.

Group 1:

6.1. Applicants for a driving licence or for the renewal of such a licence shall have a binocular visual acuity, with correc-

tive lenses if necessar y, of at least 0,5 when using both eyes together. Driving licences shall not be issued or

renewed if, during the medical examination, it is shown that the horizontal field of vision is less than 120

, apart

from exceptional cases duly justified by a favourable medical opinion and a positive practical test, or that the

person concerned suffers from any other eye condition that would compromise safe driving. When a progressive

eye disease is detected or declared, driving licences may be issued or renewed subject to the applicant undergoing

regular examination by a competent medical authority.

6.2. Applicants for a driving licence, or for the renewal of such a licence, who have total functional loss of vision in one

eye or who use only one eye (e.g. in the case of diplopia) must have a visual acuity of at least 0,6, with corrective

lenses if necessary. The competent medical authority must certify that this condition of monocular vision has

existed sufficiently long to allow adaptation and that the field of vision in this eye is normal.

30.12.2006 L 403/47Official Journal of the European Union

Group 2:

6.3. Applicants for a driving licence or for the renewal of such a licence must have a visual acuity, with corrective lenses

if necessary, of at least 0,8 in the better eye and at least 0,5 in the worse eye. If corrective lenses are used to attain

the values of 0,8 and 0,5, the uncorrected acuity in each eye must reach 0,05, or else the minimum acuity (0,8 and

0,5) must be achieved either by correction by means of glasses with a power not exceeding plus or minus 8 diop-

tres or with the aid of contact lenses (uncorrected vision = 0,05). The correction must be well tolerated. Driving

licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applications or drivers without a normal binocular field of vision or

suffering from diplopia.

HEARING

7. Driving licences may be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers in Group 2 subject to the opinion of the

competent medical authorities; particular account will be taken in medical examinations of the scope for compensa-

tion.

PERSONS WITH A LOCOMOTOR DISABILITY

8. Driving licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers suffering from complaints or abnormal-

ities of the locomotor system which make it dangerous to drive a power-driven vehicle.

Group 1:

8.1. Driving licences subject to certain restrictions, if necessary, may be issued to physically disabled applicants or

drivers following the issuing of an opinion by a competent medical authority. This opinion must be based on a

medical assessment of the complaint or abnormality in question and, where necessary, on a practical test. It must

also indicate what type of modification to the vehicle is required and whether the driver needs to be fitted with an

orthopaedic device, insofar as the test of skills and behaviour demonstrates that with such a device driving would

not to be dangerous.

8.2. Driving licences may be issued to or renewed for any applicant suffering from a progressive complaint on condition

that the disabled person is regularly examined to check that the person is still capable of driving the vehicle comple-

tely safely.

Where the disability is static, driving licences may be issued or renewed without the applicant being subject to

regular medical examination.

Group 2:

8.3. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

9. Any disease capable of exposing an applicant for a first licence or a driver applying for renewal to a sudden failure

of the cardiovascular system such that there is a sudden impairment of the cerebral functions constitutes a danger

to road safety.

Group 1:

9.1. Driving licences will not to be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers with serious arrhythmia.

9.2. Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or dr ivers wearing a pacemaker subject to authorised

medical opinion and regular medical check-ups.

9.3. The question of whether to issue or renew a licence for applicants or drivers suffering from abnormal arterial

blood pressure shall be assessed with reference to the other results of the examination, any associated complications

and the danger they might constitute for road safety.

9.4. Generally speaking, a driving licence shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers suffering from

angina during rest or emotion. The issuing or renewal of a driving licence to any applicant or driver having suffered

myocardial infarction shall be subject to authorised medical opinion and, if necessary, regular medical check-ups.

30.12.2006L 403/48 Official Journal of the European Union

Group 2:

9.5. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

DIABETES MELLITUS

10. Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers suffering from diabetes mellitus, subject to

authorised medical opinion and regular medical check-ups appropriate to each case.

Group 2:

10.1. Only in very exceptional cases may driving licences be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers in this group

suffering from diabetes mellitus and requiring insulin treatment, and then only where duly justified by authorised

medical opinion and subject to regular medical check-ups.

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

11. Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers suffering from a serious neurological

disease, unless the application is supported by authorised medical opinion.

Neurological disturbances associated with diseases or surgical intervention affecting the central or peripheral

nervous system, which lead to sensory or motor deficiencies and affect balance and coordination, must accordingly

be taken into account in relation to their functional effects and the risks of progression. In such cases, the issue or

renewal of the licence may be subject to periodic assessment in the event of risk of deterioration.

12. Epileptic seizures or other sudden disturbances of the state of consciousness constitute a serious danger to road

safety if they occur in a person driving a power-driven vehicle.

Group 1:

12.1. A licence may be issued or renewed subject to an examination by a competent medical authority and to regular

medical check-ups. The authority shall decide on the state of the epilepsy or other disturbances of consciousness, its

clinical form and progress (no seizure in the last two years, for example), the treatment received and the results

thereof.

Group 2:

12.2. Driving licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers suffering or liable to suffer from

epileptic seizures or other sudden disturbances of the state of consciousness.

MENTAL DISORDERS

Group 1:

13.1. Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who suffer from:

— severe mental disturbance, whether congenital or due to disease, trauma or neurosurgical operations,

— severe mental retardation,

— severe behavioural problems due to ageing; or personality defects leading to seriously impaired judgment, beha-

viour or adaptability,

unless their application is supported by authorised medical opinion and, if necessar y, subject to regular medical

check-ups.

Group 2:

13.2. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

ALCOHOL

14. Alcohol consumption constitutes a major danger to road safety. In view of the scale of the problem, the medical

profession must be very vigilant.

30.12.2006 L 403/49Official Journal of the European Union

Group 1:

14.1. Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who are dependent on alcohol or

unable to refrain from drinking and driving.

After a proven period of abstinence and subject to authorised medical opinion and regular medical check-ups,

driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicant or drivers who have in the past been dependent on

alcohol.

Group 2:

14.2. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

DRUGS AND MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

15. Abuse:

Driving licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers who are dependent on psychotropic

substances or who are not dependent on such substances but regularly abuse them, whatever category of licence is

requested.

Regular use:

Group 1:

15.1. Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who regularly use psychotropic

substances, in whatever form, which can hamper the ability to drive safely where the quantities absorbed are such

as to have an adverse effect on driving. This shall apply to all other medicinal products or combinations of medic-

inal products which affect the ability to drive.

Group 2:

15.2. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definitions of this group.

RENAL DISORDERS

Group 1:

16.1. Driving licences may be issued or renewed for applicants and drivers suffering from serious renal insufficiency

subject to authorised medical opinion and regular medical check-ups.

Group 2:

16.2. Save in exceptional cases duly justified by authorised medical opinion, and subject to regular medical check-ups,

driving licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers suffering from serious and irreversible

renal deficiency.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Group 1:

17.1. Subject to authorised medical opinion and, if necessary, regular medical check-ups, driving licences may be issued

to or renewed for applications or drivers who have had an organ transplant or an artificial implant which affects

the ability to drive.

Group 2:

17.2. The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the

driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

18. As a general rule, where applicants or drivers suffer from any disorder which is not mentioned in the preceding

paragraph but is liable to be, or to result in, a functional incapacity affecting safety at the wheel, driving licences

shall not be issued or renewed unless the application is supported by authorised medical opinion and, if necessary,

subject to regular medical check-ups.

30.12.2006L 403/50 Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX IV

MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PERSONS WHO CONDUCT PRACTICAL DRIVING TESTS

1. Competences required by a driving examiner

1.1. A person authorised to conduct practical assessments in a motor vehicle of the driving performance of a candidate

must have knowledge, skills and understanding related to the topics listed in points 1.2 to 1.6.

1.2. The competences of an examiner must be relevant to assessing the performance of a candidate seeking the category

of driving licence entitlement for which the driving test is being undertaken.

1.3. Knowledge and understanding of driving and assessment:

— theory of driving behaviour,

— hazard perception and accident avoidance,

— the syllabus underpinning driving test standards,

— the requirements of the driving test,

— relevant road and traffic legislation, including relevant EU and national legislation and interpretative guidelines,

— assessment theory and techniques,

— defensive driving.

1.4. Assessment skills:

— ability to observe accurately, monitor, and evaluate overall candidate performance, in particular:

— correct and comprehensive recognition of dangerous situations,

— accurate determination of cause and likely effect of such situations,

— achievement of competence and recognition of errors,

— uniformity and consistency in assessment,

— assimilate information quickly and extract key points,

— look ahead, identify potential problems, and develop strategies to deal with them,

— provide timely and constructive feedback.

1.5. Personal driving skills:

— A person authorised to conduct a practical test for a category of driving licence must be able to drive to a

consistently high standard that type of motor vehicle.

1.6. Quality of service:

— establish and communicate what the candidate can expect during the test,

— communicate clearly, choosing content, style and language to suit the audience and context and deal with

enquiries from candidates,

— provide clear feedback about the test result,

— treat candidates with respect and indiscriminately.

1.7. Knowledge about vehicle technique and physics:

— knowledge about vehicle technique such as steering, tyres, brakes, lights, specially for motorcycles and heavy

vehicles,

— loading safety,

— knowledge about vehicle physics such as speed, friction, dynamics, energy.

1.8. Driving in a fuel efficient and environmentally friendly way.

30.12.2006 L 403/51Official Journal of the European Union

2. General conditions

2.1. A category B driving examiner:

(a) must have held a category B licence for at least 3 years;

(b) must be at least 23 years old;

quently followed the quality assurance and the periodic training arrangements as provided for in point 4 of

this Annex;

(d) must have terminated a vocational education that leads at least to a completion of level 3 as defined by

Council Decision 85/368/EEC of 16 July 1985 on the comparability of vocational training qualifications

between the Member States of the European Community (

);

(e) may not be active as a commercial driving instructor in a driving school simultaneously.

2.2. A driving examiner for the other categories:

(a) must hold a driving licence in the category concerned or possess equivalent knowledge through adequate

professional qualification;

(b) must have successfully completed the initial qualification provided for in point 3 of this Annex and subse-

quently followed the quality assurance and the periodic training arrangements as provided for in point 4 of

this Annex;

that the examiner in question can provide evidence of:

— at least 5 years of dr iving in the category concer ned, or,

— a theoretical and practical assessment of driving ability of a standard higher than that needed to obtain a

driving licence thus making that requirement unnecessary,

(d) must have completed a vocational education that leads at least to a termination of the level 3 as defined by

Decision 85/368/EEC;

(e) may not be active as a commercial driving instructor in a driving school simultaneously.

2.3. Equivalences

2.3.1. Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories AM, A1, A2 and A upon passing

the initial qualification prescribed in point 3 for one of these categories.

2.3.2. Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories C1, C, D1 and D upon passing

the initial qualification prescribed in point 3 for one of these categories.

2.3.3. Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE upon

passing the initial qualification prescribed in point 3 for one of these categories.

3. Initial qualification

3.1. Initial training

3.1.1. Before a person may be authorised to conduct driving tests, that person must satisfactorily complete such training

programme as a Member State may specify in order to have the competences set out in point 1.

3.1.2. Member States must determine whether the content of any particular training programme will relate to authorisa-

tion to conduct driving tests for one driving licence category, or more than one.

30.12.2006L 403/52 Official Journal of the European Union

(

) OJ L 199, 31.7.1985, p. 56.

3.2. Examinations

3.2.1. Before a person may be authorised to conduct driving tests, that person must demonstrate a satisfactory standard

of knowledge, understanding, skills and aptitude in respect of the subjects listed in point 1.

3.2.2. Member States shall operate an examination process that assesses, in a pedagogically appropriate manner, the

competences of the person as defined under point 1, in particular point 1.4. The examination process must

include both a theoretical element and a practical element. Computer-based assessment may be used where appro-

priate. The details concerning the nature and duration of any tests and assessments within the examination shall be

at the discretion of the individual Member States.

3.2.3. Member States must determine whether the content of any particular examination will relate to authorisation to

conduct driving tests for one driving licence category, or more than one.

4. Quality assurance and periodic training

4.1. Quality assurance

4.1.1. Member States shall have in place quality assurance arrangements to provide for the maintenance of standards of

driving examiners.

4.1.2. Quality assurance arrangements should involve the supervision of examiners at work, their further training and re-

accreditation, their continuing professional development, and by periodic review of the outcomes of the driving

tests that they have conducted.

4.1.3. Member States must provide that each examiner is subject to yearly supervision making use of quality assurance

arrangements listed in point 4.1.2. Moreover, the Member States must provide that each examiner is observed

conducting tests once every 5 years, for a minimum period cumulatively of at least half a day, allowing the observa-

tion of several tests. When issues are identified corrective action should be put in place. The person undertaking

the supervision must be a person authorised by the Member State for that purpose.

4.1.4 Member States may provide that where an examiner is authorised to conduct driving tests in more than one cate-

gory, satisfying the supervision requirement in relation to tests for one category satisfies the requirement for more

than one category.

4.1.5 The work of driving examination must be monitored and supervised by a body authorised by the Member State, to

ensure cor rect and consistent application of assessment.

4.2. Periodic training

4.2.1. Member States shall provide that, in order to remain authorised, driving examiners, irrespective of the number of

categories for which they are accredited, undertake:

— a minimum regular periodic training of four days in total per period of two years in order to:

— maintain and refresh the necessary knowledge and examining skills,

— to develop new competences that have become essential for the exercise of their profession,

— ensure that an examiner continues to conduct tests to a fair and uniform standard,

— a minimum periodic training of at least five days in total per period of five years,

— in order to develop and maintain the necessary practical driving skills.

4.2.2. Member States shall take the appropriate measures for ensuring that specific training is given promptly to those

examiners that have found to be seriously malfunctioning by the quality assurance system in place.

4.2.3. The nature of periodic training may take the form of briefing, classroom training, conventional or electronic-based

learning, and it may be undertaken on an individual or group basis. It may include such re-accreditation of stan-

dards as Member States consider appropriate.

30.12.2006 L 403/53Official Journal of the European Union

4.2.4. Member States may provide that where an examiner is authorised to conduct driving tests in more than one cate-

gory, satisfying the periodic training requirement in relation to tests for one category satisfies the requirement for

more than one category, provided the condition set out in point 4.2.5 is satisfied.

4.2.5. Where an examiner has not conducted tests for a category within a 24-month period, the examiner shall undertake

a suitable reassessment before being allowed to carry out driving tests relating to that category. That re-assessment

may be undertaken as part of the requirement set out in point 4.2.1.

5. Acquired rights

5.1. Member States may allow persons authorised to conduct driving tests immediately before these provisions come

into force to continue to conduct driving tests, notwithstanding that they were not authorised in accordance with

the general conditions in point 2 or the initial qualification process set out in point 3.

5.2. Such examiners are nonetheless subject to the regular supervision and quality assurance arrangements set out in

point 4.

30.12.2006L 403/54 Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX V

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVER TRAINING AND TESTING FOR COMBINATIONS AS DEFINED IN

THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 4(4)(B)

1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to:

— approve and supervise the training provided for in Article 7(1)(d) or,

— organise the test of skills and behaviour provided for in Article 7(1)(d).

2.1. Duration of driver training

— at least 7 hours.

3. Content of driver training

The driver training shall cover the knowledge, skills and behaviour as described in points 2 and 7 of Annex II. Par-

ticular attention shall be paid to:

— vehicle movement dynamics, safety criteria, tractor vehicle and trailer (coupling mechanism), correct loading and

safety fittings;

A practical component shall include the following exercises: acceleration, deceleration, reversing, braking, stopping

distance, lane-changing, braking/evasive action, trailer swing, uncoupling from and re-coupling a trailer to its motor

vehicle, parking;

— Each training participant has to perform the practical component and shall demonstrate its skills and behaviour

on public roads,

— Vehicle combinations used for the training shall fall within the category of driving licence participants have

applied for.

4. Duration and contents of the test of skills and behaviour

The length of the test and the distance travelled must be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour laid down in point 3.

30.12.2006 L 403/55Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX VI

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVER TRAINING AND TESTING FOR MOTORCYCLES WITHIN

CATEGORY A (PROGRESSIVE ACCESS)

1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to:

— approve and supervise the training provided for in Article 7(1)(c) or,

— organise the test of skills and behaviour provided for in Article 7(1)(c).

2. Duration of driver training

— at least 7 hours.

3. Content of driver training

— The driver training shall contain all aspects covered in point 6 of Annex II.

— Each participant has to perform the practical components of the training and shall demonstrate its skills and beha-

viour on public roads.

— Motorcycles used for the training shall fall within the category of driving licence participants have applied for.

4. Duration and contents of the test of skills and behaviour

The length of the test and the distance travelled must be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour laid down in point 3

of this Annex.

30.12.2006L 403/56 Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX VII

Part A

REPEALED DIRECTIVE AS SUCCESSIVELY AMENDED

(referred to in Article 17)

Council Directive 91/439/EEC (

) (OJ L 237, 24.8.1991, p. 1)

Council Directive 94/72/EC (OJ L 337, 24.12.1994, p. 86)

Council Directive 96/47/EC (OJ L 235, 17.9.1996, p. 1)

Council Directive 97/26/EC (OJ L 150, 7.6.1997, p. 41)

Commission Directive 2000/56/EC (OJ L 237, 21.9.2000, p. 45)

Directive 2003/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council, only Article 10, paragraph 2

(OJ L 226, 10.9.2003, p. 4)

Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of

the Council, only Annex II, point 24

(OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1)

(

) Directive 91/439/EEC was also amended by the following act which has not been repealed: 1994 Act of accession.

Part B

DEADLINES FOR TRANSPOSITION INTO NATIONAL LAW AND FOR APPLICATION

(referred to in Article 17)

Directive Deadline for transposition Date of application

Directive 91/439/EEC 1st July 1994 1st July 1996

Directive 94/72/EC - 1st January1995

Decision 96/427/EC - 16 July 1996

Directive 96/47/EC 1st July 1996 1st July 1996

Directive 97/26/EC 1st Januar y 1998 1st January 1998

Directive 2000/56/EC 30 September 2003 30 September 2003, 30 September 2008 (Annex II, point

6.2.5) and 30 September 2013 (Annex II point 5.2)

Directive 2003/59/EC 10 September 2006 10 September 2008 (passenger transport) and 10

September 2009 (goods transport)

30.12.2006 L 403/57Official Journal of the European Union

ANNEX VIII

CORRELATION TABLE

Directive 91/439/EEC This Directive

Article 1(1), first sentence Article 1(1) first sentence

Article 1(1), second sentence —

- Article 1(2)

Article 1(2) Article 2(1)

- Article 2(2)

Article 1(3) -

Article 2(1) Article 1(1), second sentence

Article 2(2) Article 3(1)

Article 3(2)

Article 3(3)

Article 2(3) -

Article 2(4) -

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, introductory words Article 4(1), first sentence

- Article 4(2), first indent

- Article 4(2), second indent

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, first indent Article 4(3), first indent

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, second indent Article 4(4)(b), first subparagraph

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, third indent Article 4(4)(b), second subparagraph

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, fourth indent Article 4(4)(c)

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, fifth indent Article 4(4)(f)

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, sixth indent Article 4(4)(g)

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, seventh indent Article 4(4)(j)

Article 3(1), first subparagraph, eighth indent Article 4(4)(k)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, introductory words -

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, first indent Article 4(3)(a)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, second indent Article 4(4)(a)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, third indent Article 4(4)(d)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, fourth indent Article 4(4)(e)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, fifth indent Article 4(4)(h)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, sixth indent, introductory

words

Article 4(4)(i)

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, sixth indent, first sub-

indent

Article 3(2), first subparagraph, sixth indent, second sub-

indent

30.12.2006L 403/58 Official Journal of the European Union

Directive 91/439/EEC This Directive

Article 3(3), introductory words -

Article 3(3), first indent Article 4(1), third sentence

Article 3(3), second indent, first subparagraph Article 4(3), second indent

Article 3(3), second indent, second subparagraph -

Article 3(3), third indent Article 4(3), first indent

Article 3(3), fourth indent Article 4(4), first indent

Article 3(3), fifth indent Article 4(4), second indent

- Article 4(3)

Article 3(4) -

Article 3(5) -

Article 3(6) Article 4(5), first sentence

- Article 4(5), second sentence

Article 4 Article 5

Article 5(1) Article 6(1)

Article 5(1)(a) Article 6(1)(a)

Article 5(1)(b) Article 6(1)(b)

Article 5(2), introductory words Article 6(2), introductory words

Article 5(2)(a) Article 6(2)(a)

Article 5(2)(b) Article 6(2)(b)

- Article 6(2)(c)

- Article 6(2)(d)

- Article 6(2)(e)

- Article 6(2)(f)

Article 5(3) -

Article 5(4) Article 6(4)

Article 6(1), introductory words Article 4(1), second sentence

Article 6(1)(a), first indent Article 4(3)(a), third indent

Article 6(1)(a), second indent Article 4(4)(a), second indent

Article 6(1)(b), first indent Article 4(3)(b), second indent

Article 4(3)(c), second indent

Article 6(1)(b), second indent first alternative Article 4(4)(b), fifth subparagraph

Article 6(1)(b), second indent second alternative Article 4(4)(c), second indent

Article 6(1)(b), third indent first and second alternative Article 4(4)(g), second indent

Article 6(1)(b), third indent third and fourth alternative Article 4(4)(e), third indent

Article 6(1)(c), first indent firs t and second alternative Article 4(4)(k), second indent

Article 6(1)(c), first indent third and fourth alternative Article 4(4)(i), second indent

Article 6(2) Article 4(6), first subparagraph

- Article 4(6), second subparagraph

Article 6(3) Article 4(6), third and fourth subparagraphs

30.12.2006 L 403/59Official Journal of the European Union

Directive 91/439/EEC This Directive

Article 7(1), introductory words Article 7(1), introductory words

Article 7(1)(a) Article 7(1)(a)

- Article 7(1)(b)

- Article 7(1)(c)

- Article 7(1)(d)

Article 7(1)(b) Article 7(1)(e)

Article 7(2) -

Article 7(3) -

- Article 7(2)

- Article 7(3)

Article 7(4) Article 7(4)

Article 7(5) Article 7(5)(a)

- Article 7(5)(b)

- Article 7(5)(c)

- Article 7(5)(d)

Article 7 a(1) -

Article 7 a(2) Article 8

Article 7 b Article 9

- Article 10

Article 8 Article 11

Article 9 Article 12

Article 10 Article 13(1)

- Article 13(2)

Article 11 Article 14

Article 12(1) -

Article 12(2) -

Article 12(3) Article 15

- Article 16

Article 13 Article 17, first subparagraph

- Article 17, second subparagraph

- Article 18

Article 14 Article 19

Annex I -

Annex Ia Annex I

Annex II Annex II

Annex III Annex III

- Annex IV

- Annex V

- Annex VI

30.12.2006L 403/60 Official Journal of the European Union