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Deploying Scalable Time Distribution within a Converged Plantwide Ethernet Architecture
ENET-TD016A-EN-P
Chapter 2 CPwE Scalable Time Distribution Design Considerations
Precision Time Protocol
Infrastructure Tier
The infrastructure tier consists of the IES that allows the IACS devices to synchronize to the grandmaster.
This architecture supports both redundant star and ring topologies with multiple VLANs. However, ring
topologies require multiple cascaded boundary clocks that may reduce the accuracy of IACS devices further
away from the grandmaster. PTP relies on the underlying infrastructure to build the PTP clock hierarchy.
Moreover, a disruption to the underlying Layer 2 topology will cause a disruption to the PTP clock hierarchy.
This can cause the loss of synchronization between IACS devices within the local Cell/Area Zone.
The infrastructure tier is designed to reduce the impact of topology changes on clock synchronization in the
Cell/Area Zone. This is accomplished by weighting the BMCA algorithm so that the IES becomes the
grandmaster during the event. Furthermore, the IES is configured to maintain the time properties, such as
timescale and UTC offset of the grandmaster, since changes to the PTP timescale can introduce disruptions
in time synchronization.
The IES should be configured as boundary clocks using the feedforward transfer function. The IES should
have the priority1 value set so they become grandmaster if the IACS devices in the grandmaster tier are
unreachable. In addition, the ptp time-property persist infinite command should be applied to all IES
boundary clocks. Finally, it is recommended to set the PTP sync fault limit to 10,000 on all PTP-enabled IES
interfaces.
Note Use caution when setting the sync limit below 50,000. This setting should only be used in IACS applications
where the grandmaster has a very high-precision clock and where all the IES have hardware support for PTP
enabled.
It is recommended to provide power protection to the infrastructure tier to improve overall IACS application
reliability. OT engineers should consider installing the IES in separate enclosures with dedicated DC power
supplies and backup batteries. If the IES are installed in the control panel with the IACS hardware, the OT
engineer should consider using a dedicated DC power supply for the IES. These power supplies should be on
a separate power disconnect so power can be removed from the IACS hardware while maintaining the
network. This approach can help limit the number of Layer 2 and PTP topology changes experienced by the
IACS application and help the overall stability of time.
Controller Tier
The controller tier is designed to reduce time synchronization issues when the IES is down, such as when the
control panel is powered on as IACS devices take different number of times to start up. Some IACS devices
like Programmable Automation Controllers (PAC) feature battery backed real-time clocks and will continue
to keep time when the power is disconnected. These IACS devices should have their priority1 value set so
they become grandmaster until connectivity to the network is restored. This reduces the chance of a device
without a real-time clock becoming grandmaster and setting an arbitrary time, like January 1 1970 00:00:00.
Some IACS devices such as FactoryTalk Historian ME modules may fault if they detect an IACS application
time that is significantly earlier than the time logged for existing data points.
Device Tier
The device tier contains all other PTP-aware IACS devices. Most of these IACS devices exclude battery
backed real-time clocks and will revert to some known epoch on startup, such as January 1 1970 00:00:00.
Therefore, they should not be relied on as a grandmaster clock. Their priority1 and priority2 values should be
set so they will not become the grandmaster. The device tier is likely to contain most of the IACS devices in
the plant-wide IACS architecture. The overhead of configuring the system can be reduced by using the default
priority1 and priority2 value of 128 for the IACS devices in the device tier.